1. Twenty-fourth and last letter of the Greek alphabet, omega. 2. Symbol for Ohm.
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1. Symbol for oxygen; orotidine. 2. Abbreviation for opening (in formulas for electrical reactions). 3. Symbol for a blood group in the ABO system. See ABO blood group, Blood Groups appendix. 4. An abbreviation derived from ohne Hauch (without a film), used as a designation for: 1) antigens that occur in the bacterial cell, in contrast to those in the flagella; 2) specific antibodies for such somatic antigens; 3) the agglutinative reaction between somatic antigen and its antibody.
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Symbol for oxygen-15.
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Symbol for oxygen-16.
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Symbol for oxygen-17.
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Symbol for oxygen-18.
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In chemistry, the abbreviation for ortho- (2) .
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nutgall
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Obsolete term for an ovary. See oo-, oophor-, ovario-. [G. oarion, a small egg, dim. of oon, egg]
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A solemn affirmation or attestation. See Hippocratic Oath, Veterinarian's Oath.
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Abbreviation for obstetrics.
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Numbness of an extremity, due to pressure on the sensory nerve. [L. ob-dormio, pp. -itus, to sleep]
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James, Irish surgeon, 1786-1862. See O'B.'s sphincter.
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Relating to the obelion.
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Toward the obelion.
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A craniometric point on the sagittal suture between the parietal foramina near the lambdoid suture. [G. obelos, a spit]
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Friedrich, Austrian physician, 1861-1925. See O.'s test.
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Otto H.F., German physician, 1843-1873. See O.'s spirillum.
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H., Austrian neurologist, 1847-1922. See O.-Redlich line, zone.
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Excessively fat.corpulent; [L. obesus, fat, partic. adj., fr. ob-edo, pp. -esus, to eat away, devour]
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An abnormal increase of fat in the subcutaneous connective tissues.adiposity (1), corpulence, corpulency;
hypothalamic o. o. caused by disease of the hypothalamus.
hypothalamic o. with hypogonadism dystrophia adiposogenitalis
morbid o. o. sufficient to prevent normal activity or physiologic function, or to cause the onset of a pathologic condition.
simple o. o. resulting when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure.
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The point on the midline of the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata that marks the caudal angle of the rhomboid fossa or fourth ventricle. It corresponds to a small, transverse medullary fold overhanging the calamus scriptorius. [L. barrier]
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1. A rendering dark or obscure. 2. A deliberate attempt to confuse or to prevent understanding. [L. ob-fusco, pp. -atus, to darken, fr. fuscus, dark, tawny]
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Abbreviation for obstetrics and gynecology.
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A cholinesterase reactivator much like 2-PAM.
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1. Anything to which thought or action is directed. 2. In psychoanalysis, that through which an instinct can achieve its aim. 3. In psychoanalysis, often used synonymously with person.
good o. in psychoanalysis, the good or supporting aspects of an important person in the patient's life, especially of a parent or parent-surrogate.
sex o. a person toward whom another is sexually attracted; a term usually used by a female to indicate that a male narrowly views her as a vehicle for sex while completely disregarding the rest of her persona.
test o. 1. an o. having very fine surface markings, mounted on a slide, used to determine the defining power of the objective lens of a microscope; 2. the target in measurement of the visual field.
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In psychoanalysis, the object (usually a person) upon which psychic energy is centered.
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1. The lens or lenses in the lower end of the body tube of a microscope, by means of which the rays coming from the object examined are brought to a focus.object glass; 2. Viewing events or phenomena as they exist in the external world, impersonally, or in an unprejudiced way; open to observation by oneself and by others. Cf. subjective. [L. ob- jicio, pp. -jectus, to throw before]
achromatic o. an o. that is corrected for two colors chromatically, and one color spherically.
apochromatic o. an o. in which chromatic aberration is corrected for three colors and spherical aberration is corrected for two.
immersion o. a high power o. used with a drop of oil between the lens and the specimen on the slide, allowing a greater numerical aperture; similar lenses are available for use with water as the immersing liquid.
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Those facts presented by the client that show his/her perception, understanding and interpretation of what is happening.
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Without an alternative system or pathway. [L. ob-ligo, pp. -atus, to bind to]
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Slanting; deviating from the perpendicular, horizontal, sagittal, or coronal plane of the body. In radiography, a projection that is neither frontal nor lateral. [L. obliquus]
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asynclitism
Litzmann o. inclination of the fetal head so that the biparietal diameter is oblique in relation to the plane of the pelvic brim, the posterior parietal bone presenting to the parturient canal.posterior asynclitism;
Nägele o. inclination of the fetal head in cases of flat pelvis, so that the biparietal diameter is oblique in relation to the plane of the pelvic brim, the anterior parietal bone presenting to the parturient canal.anterior asynclitism;
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Denoting a structure having an oblique course or direction; a name given, with further qualification, to several muscles. See muscle. [L. slanting, oblique]
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Blotting out, especially by filling of a natural space or lumen by fibrosis or inflammation. In radiology, disappearance of the contour of an organ when the adjacent tissue has the same x-ray absorption. [L. oblittero, to blot out]
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medulla oblongata [L. fem. of oblongatus, from oblongus, rather long]
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A clouded mental state. [L. ob-nubilo, to becloud, obscure, fr. nubes, cloud]
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organic brain syndrome
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One who perceives, notices, or watches; in behavioral research with humans, the investigator or his/her surrogate. [L. observo, to watch]
nonparticipant o. an investigator who studies a group of subjects engaged in certain activities but does not directly participate in these activities, presumably being able to study them more objectively.
participant o. an investigator who while studying the activities of a group of subjects also participates in their activities, presumably being able to gain more detailed, relevant information but with less objectivity.
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A recurrent and persistent idea, thought, or impulse to carry out an act that is ego-dystonic, that is experienced as senseless or repugnant, and that the individual cannot voluntarily suppress. [L. obsideo, pp. -sessus, to besiege, fr. sedeo, to sit]
impulsive o. an o. accompanied by action, sometimes becoming a mania.
inhibitory o. an o. involving an impediment to action, usually representing a phobia.
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Having a tendency to perform certain repetitive acts or ritualistic behavior to relieve anxiety, as in obsessive-compulsive neurosis (e.g., a compulsive, ritualistic need to wash one's hands many dozens of times per day).
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Falling into disuse; denoting the abolition of a function. [L. obsolesco, to grow out of use]
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Relating to obstetrics.
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A physician specializing in the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth. [see obstetrics]
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The specialty of medicine concerned with the care of women during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium.tocology; [L. obstetrix, a midwife, fr. ob-sto, to stand before, denoting the position formerly taken by the midwife]
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1. Firmly adhering to one's own purpose, opinion, etc. even when wrong; not yielding to argument, persuasion, or entreaty.intractable (2), refractory (2); 2. refractory (1) [L. obstinatus, determined]
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Intestinal obstruction; severe constipation. [L. ob, against, + stipo, pp. -atus, to crowd]
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Blockage or clogging, e.g., by occlusion or stenosis. [L. obstructio]
closed-loop o. o. of a segment of intestine by rotation on a fixed point (volvulus); frequently impairs venous circulation of the affected bowel segment, resulting in strangulation and gangrene; the segment of intestine contained in a hernia can also become a closed-loop o. when sufficient compression occurs at the neck of the sac.
ureteropelvic junction o. an impediment to drainage of urine from kidney usually to partial or intermittent blockage of renal collecting system of the junction of renal pelvis and ureter.
ureteropelvic o. a blocking or stenosis, usually congenital, at the junction of the renal pelvis and ureter, usually resulting in stasis, pelvocaliectasis, hydronephrosis, or calyceal clubbing.
ureterovesical o. o. of the lower ureter at its entrance into the bladder.
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Emphysema caused by obstruction of airways that has greater effect on expiration than inspiration; occurs reversibly with bronchospasm of asthma; localized process can be due to aspiration of a foreign body.
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1. Rarely used term for obstructing or clogging. 2. Rarely used term for an agent that obstructs or prevents a normal discharge, especially a discharge from the bowels. [L. ob-struo, to build against, obstruct]
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To dull or blunt, especially to blunt sensation or deaden pain. [L. ob-tundo, pp. -tusus, to beat against, blunt]
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Obstruction or occlusion. [see obturator]
intermittent self-o. passage of a blunt object in a lumen or meatus to occlude it or to dilate it.
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1. Any structure that occludes an opening. 2. Denoting the obturator foramen, the obturator membrane, or any of several parts in relation to this foramen. 3. A prosthesis used to close an opening of the hard palate, usually a cleft palate. 4. The stylus or removable plug used during the insertion of many tubular instruments. [L. obturo, pp. -atus, to occlude or stop up]
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1. Dull in intellect; of slow understanding. 2. Blunt; not acute. [see obtund]
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1. Dullness of sensibility. 2. A dulling or deadening of sensibility.
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the principle of scientific parsimony. William of Occam (14th Century) stated it thus: "The assumptions introduced to explain a thing must not be multiplied beyond necessity."
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Relating to the occiput. referring to the occipital bone or to the back of the head.occipitalis [NA];
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occipital [L.]
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Bony ankylosis between the atlas and occipital bone.
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The occiput, occipital structures. [L. occiput]
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Relating to the occipital bone and the atlas; denoting the articulation between the two bones.
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Relating to the occipital bone and the axis, or epistropheus.
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Relating to the occiput and the bregma; denoting a measurement in craniometry.
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Relating to the occiput and the face.
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1. Relating to the occiput and the forehead. 2. Relating to the occipital and frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex and association pathways that interconnect these regions.
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See occipitofrontalis muscle. [L.]
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Relating to the occipital bone and the mastoid process.
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Relating to the occiput and the chin.
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Relating to the occipital and the parietal bones.
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Relating to the occiput and the temple, or the occipital and the temporal bones.
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Relating to the nerve fibers leading from the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex to the thalamus.
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The back of the head. [L.]
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1. To close or bring together. 2. To enclose, as in an occluded virus. [see occlusion]
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In dentistry, a name given to some articulators.
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1. Pertaining to occlusion or closure. 2. In dentistry, pertaining to the contacting surfaces of opposing occlusal units (teeth or occlusion rims), or the masticating surfaces of the posterior teeth.
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1. The act of closing or the state of being closed. 2. In chemistry, the absorption of a gas by a metal or the inclusion of one substance within another (as in a gelatinous precipitate). 3. Any contact between the incising or masticating surfaces of the upper and lower teeth. 4. The relationship between the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when they are in contact. [L. oc- cludo, pp. -clusus, to shut up, fr. ob., against, + claudo, to close]
abnormal o. an arrangement of the teeth which is not considered to be within the normal range of variation.
afunctional o. a malocclusion which does not permit normal function of the dentition.
anterior o. 1. the o. of anterior teeth; 2. mesial o. (1)
balanced o. the simultaneous contacting of the upper and lower teeth on the right and left and in the anterior and posterior occlusal areas in centric and eccentric positions within the functional range; used primarily in reference to the mouth, but also arranged and observed on articulators, developed to prevent a tipping or rotating of the denture bases in relation to the supporting structures.balanced articulation, balanced bite;
bimaxillary protrusive o. an o. in which both the maxilla and mandible protrude, causing the long axes of the maxillary anterior teeth to be at an extremely acute angle to the mandibular teeth; may be secondary to a skeletal or dental deformity, or both; seen commonly in blacks.
buccal o. 1. malposition of a tooth toward the cheek; 2. the o. as seen from the buccal side of the teeth.
centric o. 1. the relation of opposing occlusal surfaces which provides the maximum planned contact and/or intercuspation; 2. the o. of the teeth when the mandible is in centric relation to the maxillae.centric contact;
coronary o. blockage of a coronary vessel, usually by thrombosis or atheroma, often leading to myocardial infarction.
distal o. 1. a tooth occluding in a position distal to normal;disto-occlusion, postnormal o., retrusive o. (2); 2. distoclusion
eccentric o. any o. other than centric.
edge-to-edge o. an o. in which the anterior teeth of both jaws meet along their incisal edges when the teeth are in centric o.edge-to-edge bite, end-to-end bite, end-to-end o;
end-to-end o. edge-to-edge o
functional o. 1. any tooth contacts made within the functional range of the opposing teeth surfaces; 2. o. which occurs during function.
gliding o. dental articulation
hyperfunctional o. occlusal stress of tooth or teeth exceeding normal physiologic demands.
labial o. 1. malposition of a tooth in a labial direction; 2. the o. as seen from the labial side of the arches.
lateral o. malposition of a tooth or an entire dental arch in a direction away from the midline.
lingual o. 1. linguoclusion 2. interdigitation of the teeth as seen from the internal or lingual aspect.
mechanically balanced o. a balanced o. without reference to physiologic considerations, as on an articulator.
mesenteric artery o. obstruction of arterial flow in the mesenteric circulation by an embolus or thrombus; usually refers to o. of the superior mesenteric artery, although atherosclerotic narrowing may involve all three major splanchnic branches (celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric).
mesial o. 1. o. in which the mandibular teeth articulate with the maxillary teeth in a position anterior to normal;anterior o. (2), mesio-occlusion; 2. mesioclusion
neutral o. 1. an arrangement of teeth such that the maxillary and mandibular first permanent molars are in normal anteroposterior relation;normal o. (2); 2. neutroclusion
normal o. 1. that arrangement of teeth and their supporting structure which is usually found in health and which approaches an ideal or standard arrangement;normal bite; 2. neutral o. (1)
pathogenic o. an occlusal relationship capable of producing pathologic changes in the supporting tissues.
physiologic o. o. in harmony with functions of the masticatory system.
physiologically balanced o. a balanced o. that is in harmony with the temporomandibular joints and the neuromuscular system.
posterior o. the most effective contact of the molar and bicuspid teeth of both jaws which allows for all the natural movements of the jaws essential to normal mastication and closure.posteroclusion;
postnormal o. distal o. (1)
protrusive o. o. which results when the mandible is protruded forward from centric position.
o. of pupil the presence of an opaque membrane closing the pupillary area.
retrusive o. 1. a biting relationship in which the mandible is forcefully or habitually placed more distally than the patient's centric o.; 2. distal o. (1)
spherical form of o. an arrangement of teeth which places their occlusal surfaces on the surface of an imaginary sphere (usually 8 inches in diameter) with its center above the level of the teeth. See also Monson curve.
torsive o. torsiversion
traumatic o. traumatogenic o
traumatogenic o. a malocclusion capable of producing injury to the teeth and/or associated structures.traumatic o;
working o. working contacts, under contact
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Serving to close; denoting a bandage or dressing that closes a wound and excludes it from the air.
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gnathodynamometer
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1. Hidden; concealed; not manifest. 2. Denoting a concealed hemorrhage, the blood being inapparent or localized to a site where it is not visible. See occult blood. 3. In oncology, a clinically unidentified primary tumor with recognized metastases. [L. oc-culo, pp. -cultus, to cover, hide]
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A genus of motile, nonsporeforming, aerobic bacteria (family Spirillaceae) containing Gram-negative, rigid, helical cells which are 0.3 to 1.2 mum in diameter. Motile cells contain bipolar fascicles of flagella. There is no growth anaerobically with nitrate. These organisms are chemoorganotrophic and possess a strictly respiratory metabolism; they neither oxidize nor ferment carbohydrates; found in marine environments. There are at present five species in this genus, of which the type species is O. linum. [L. oceanus, ocean, + spirillum, coil]
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1. The simple eye found in many invertebrates.eyespot (2); 2. Facet of the compound eye of an insect. [L. dim. of oculus, eye]
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Morbid fear of crowds. [G. ochlos, a crowd, + phobos, fear]
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Severo, Spanish-U.S. biochemist and Nobel laureate, *1905. See O.'s law.
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See under law.
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Mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus ochraceus during food spoilage.
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Yellow discoloration of the skin. [G. ochros, pale yellow, + derma, skin]
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An instrument for determining the capillary blood pressure; one of two adjacent fingers is compressed by a rubber balloon until blanching of the skin occurs, after which the force necessary to accomplish this color change is read in millimeters of mercury. [G. ochros, pale yellow, + metron, measure]
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A pathologic condition observed in certain persons with alkaptonuria, characterized by pigmentation of the cartilages and sometimes tissues such as muscle, epithelial cells, and dense connective tissue; may affect also the sclera, mucous membrane of the lips, and skin of the ears, face, and hands, and cause standing urine to be dark-colored and contain pigmented casts; pigmentation is thought to result from oxidized homogentisic acid, and cartilage degeneration results in osteoarthritis, particularly of the spine. [G. ochros, pale yellow, + nosos, disease]
exogenous o. pigmentation of the skin of the face and elsewhere from prolonged topical exposure to hydroquinone-containing bleaching creams.
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Relating to or characterized by ochronosis.
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Albert J., U.S. surgeon, 1858-1925. See O. clamp; O.'s method.
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Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate;a tissue adhesive for surgery.
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Eight. [G. okto, L. octo]
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An eight-base pair sequence in DNA that has a regulatory role; for example, if it is artificially appended to a gene, it will cause that gene to be preferentially expressed in cells of the beta-lymphocyte lineage.
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CH3-(CH2)26-COOH;a long-chain fatty acid; found in waxes.montanic acid;
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1. octavalent 2. An octavalent element or radical. [L. octo, eight]
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schradan
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N-Isopentyl-1,5-dimethylhexylamine;an anticholinergic agent.
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Applied to fever, the paroxysms of which recur every eighth day, the day of a paroxysm being counted as the first in the computation. [L. octo, eight]
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suberic acid
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caprylate
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caprylic acid
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butyrate-CoA ligase
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A peptide made up of eight amino acid residues.
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See polyploidy.
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felypressin
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Denoting a chemical element or radical having a combining power (valency) of eight.octad (1);
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vestibulocochlear nerve [L.]
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See oct-.
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See oct-.
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A family in the protozoan class Zoomastigophorea; flagellates with six to eight flagella arranged in pairs and a body that is bilaterally symmetric; it includes the common human intestinal parasite G. lamblia. [octo- + G. mitos, thread]
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Pentatrichomonas hominis.
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a-(aminomethyl)-p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol;a sympathomimetic amine; a false neurotransmitter produced by noradrenergic neurons in the presence of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.norsympatol, norsynephrine;
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A sugar containing eight carbon atoms.
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Polyethylene glycol mono[p-(1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]ether;a surfactant.
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An eight-carbon monoketose.
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The -onic acid formally formed by oxidation of carbon atom 1 of octulose to a carboxylic acid group; a condensation product of d-arabinose and phosphoenolpyruvate analogous to neuraminic acid. It forms part of the repeating unit of the polysaccharides of the complex lipopolysaccharides of the Enterobacteriaceae constituting the characteristic somatic octose antigens.
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Octyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate;an antioxidant.
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Mono-p-isooctyl phenyl ether of polyethylene glycol; a surface-active (wetting) agent.
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1. ophthalmic 2. The eyepiece of a microscope, the lens or lenses at the observer end of a microscope, by means of which the image focused by the objective is viewed. [L. oculus, eye]
compensating o. an o. that compensates and corrects for the effects of chromatic aberration in the objective.
Huygens' o. the compound o. of a microscope, composed of two planoconvex lenses so arranged that the plane side of each is directed toward the observer.
o. motor relating to or causing movements of the eyeball.
Ramsden's o. an eyepiece of a microscope, consisting of two planoconvex lenses with convexities turned to each other.
wide field o. an o. that gives a larger than usual field of view and a high eyepoint.
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One skilled in the design, fabrication, and fitting of artificial eyes and the making of prostheses associated with the appearance or function of the eyes. [L. oculus, eye]
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ophthalmic ointment [Mod. L., fr. L. oculus, eye]
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Plural of oculus. [L.]
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ophthalmologist [L. oculus, eye]
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The eye, ocular. See also ophthalmo-. [L. oculus]
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Relating to the eyes, ears, and vertebrae.
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Relating to the eyes and heart.
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Relating to the eyes, brain, and kidneys.
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Relating to the eyes and the skin.
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Relating to the eyes, teeth, and fingers.
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Relating to the eyes and skin.
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Pain in the eyeball.ophthalmalgia; [ophthalmo- + G. algos, pain]
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Relating to the eyes and the face.
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A method of recording eye position and movements. [oculo- + G. graphe, a writing]
photosensor o. o. in which photocells are directed to the surface of the eye to record rotations.
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The limits of rotation of the eyeballs. [oculo- + G. gyros, circle]
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Referring to rotation of the eyeballs; characterized by oculogyria.
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dyscephalia mandibulo-oculofacialis
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Pertaining to the o. cranial nerve. [L. oculomotorius, fr. oculo- + L. motorius, moving]
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oculomotor nerve [L.]
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Relating to the eyes and the nose. [oculo- + L. nasus, nose]
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ophthalmopathy
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Indirect measurement of the hemodynamic significance of internal carotid artery stenosis or occlusion by demonstration of an ipsilateral delay in the arrival of ocular pressure transmitted from branches of the ophthalmic artery. [oculo- + G. plethymos, increase, + graphe, to write]
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A method of bilateral measurement of ophthalmic artery pressure that reflects pressure and flow in the internal carotid artery. See oculoplethysmography.
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Pertaining to the pupil of the eye.
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Pertaining to the sympathetic pathway to the eye, damage to which produces Horner's syndrome.
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Relating to the eyes and vertebrae.
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Relating to the orbit or its margin and the zygomatic bone.
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eye (1) [L.]
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See oxy-.
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oxytocin [G. okytokos, fast birth, prompt delivery]
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Abbreviation for overdose; optical density (see absorbance).
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Abbreviation for L. oculus dexter, right eye. 2. Abbreviation for Doctor of Optometry. See optometrist.
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Abbreviation for L. omni die, every day.
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A force assumed to be exerted upon the nervous system by magnets. [G. hodos, way]
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A biting sensation; a form of paresthesia. [G. odaxesmos, an irritation, fr. odax (adv.), by biting.]
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1. Causing formication or itching. 2. A substance or agent that causes formication or itching. [G. odaxesmos, an irritation]
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Ruggero, Italian physician; 1864-1913. See O.'s sphincter.
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Inflammation of the junction of the duodenum and common bile duct at the sphincter of Oddi.
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The ratio of probability of occurrence to non-occurrence of an event. [pl. of odd, fr. M.E. odde, fr. O.Norse oddi, odd number]
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Having the form of, resembling. [G. eidos, form, resemblance]
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See under body.
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neurocladism [G. hodos, path, + genesis, source]
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A tooth, teeth (properly used in words formed from G. roots). [G. odous (odont-)]
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Obsolescent term for toothache thought to be of gouty origin. [odonto- + G. agra, seizure]
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toothache [odont- + G. algos, pain]
o. denta´lis reflex pain in the ear due to dental disease, usually propagated along the auriculotemporal nerve.
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Relating to or marked by toothache.
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Removal of teeth by the reflection of a mucoperiosteal flap and excision of bone from around the root or roots before the application of force to effect the tooth removal. [odont- + G. ektome, excision]
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Chattering of the teeth. [odont- + G. erismos, quarrel]
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teething
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1. Resembling dentin. 2. A small excrescence from a tooth, most common on the root or neck. 3. Toothlike.
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pulpitis
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See odont-.
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ameloblastic odontoma
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One of the dentin-forming cells, derived from mesenchyme of neural crest origin, lining the pulp cavity of a tooth; o.'s are arranged in a peripheral layer in the dental pulp, forming the dentinal matrix, with odontoblastic processes extending from each cell into a dentinal tubule; the cells generally are columnar in the coronal pulp but are more cuboidal in the radicular area and adjacent to tertiary dentin. [odonto- + G. blastos, sprout, germ]
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1. A tumor composed of neoplastic epithelial and mesenchymal cells that may differentiate into cells able to produce calcified tooth substances. 2. An odontoma in its early formative stage. [odontoblast + G. -oma, tumor]
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One of the cells believed to produce resorption of the roots of the deciduous teeth. [odonto- + G. klastos, broken]
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toothache [odonto- + G. odyne, pain]
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A developmental disturbance of one or of several adjacent teeth, of unknown etiology, characterized by deficient formation of enamel and dentin which results in an abnormally large pulp chamber and imparts a ghostlike radiographic image to the teeth; such teeth exhibit delayed eruption into the oral cavity.odontogenesis imperfecta, odontogenic dysplasia;
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The process of development of the teeth.odontogeny, odontosis; [odonto- + G. genesis, production]
o. imperfec´ta odontodysplasia
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odontogenesis
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1. Shaped like a tooth.dentoid; 2. Relating to the toothlike o. process of the second cervical vertebra. [odont- + G. eidos, resemblance]
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dentistry [odonto- + G. logos, study]
forensic o. forensic dentistry
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odontoparallaxis [odonto- + G. loxos, slanting]
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erosion (3) [odonto- + G. lysis, dissolution]
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1. A tumor of odontogenic origin. 2. A hamartomatous odontogenic tumor comprised of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp tissue that may or may not be arranged in the form of a tooth. [odonto- + G. -oma, tumor]
ameloblastic o. a benign mixed odontogenic tumor comprised of an undifferentiated component histologically identical to an ameloblastoma and a well differentiated component identical to an odontoma; appears as a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion and presents clinically as an ameloblastoma.odontoameloblastoma;
complex o. an o. in which the various odontogenic tissues are organized in a haphazard arrangement with no resemblance to teeth.
compound o. an o. in which the odontogenic tissues are organized and resemble anomalous teeth.
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Facial neuralgia caused by a carious tooth.
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Dental nomenclature. [odonto- + G. onoma, name]
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dentistry [odonto- + G. nosos, disease, + logos, study]
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Irregularity of the teeth.odontoloxia, odontoloxy; [odonto- + G. parallax, alternately]
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Any disease of the teeth or of their sockets. [odonto- + G. pathos, suffering]
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Morbid fear of teeth. [odonto- + G. phobos, fear]
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Surgical contouring of tooth surface to enhance plaque control and gingival morphology. [odonto- + G. plasso, to mold]
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Grinding together of the teeth. See also bruxism. [odonto- + G. prisis, a sawing, a grinding]
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Downward movement of an upper tooth due to the loss of its lower antagonist(s). See also supereruption. [odonto- + G. ptosis, a falling]
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Profuse bleeding from the socket after the extraction of a tooth. [odonto- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]
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Fissure of a tooth. [odonto- + G. schisma, a cleft]
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An optical device, similar to a closed circuit television system, that projects a view of the oral cavity onto a screen for multiple viewing.
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1. Examination of the oral cavity by means of the odontoscope. 2. Examination of the markings in prints of the cutting edges of the teeth; used, like fingerprints, as a method of personal identification. [odonto- + G. skopeo, to view]
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odontogenesis
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Treatment of diseases of the teeth.
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Cutting into the crown of a tooth. [odonto- + G. tome, incision]
prophylactic o. a preventive operation in which imperfectly formed developmental grooves, pits, and fissures are opened up by means of a bur and filled in order to obviate future decay.
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Emanation from any substance that stimulates the olfactory cells in the organ of smell.scent, smell (3); [L.]
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A substance with an odor.
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See lathyrism, osteolathyrism. [fr. Lathyrus odoratus, sweet pea]
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Having a scent, perfume, or odor.odorous; [odor + L. fero, to bear]
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Instrument for performing odorimetry.
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The determination of the comparative power of different substances in exciting olfactory sensations. [odor + G. metron, measure]
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Conveying or bearing an odor, as on the air. [odor + L. vector, a carrier]
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Description of odors. [odor + G. graphe, a description]
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odoriferous
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Joseph P., U.S. physician, 1841-1898. See O'D.'s tube.
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Pain. [G. odyne]
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Hypersensitiveness of the organ of hearing, so that noises cause actual pain. [odyn- + G. akouo, to hear]
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algesiometer [odyno- + G. metron, measure]
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Pain on swallowing. [odyno- + G. phago to eat]
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Pain on using the voice. [odyno- + G. phone, sound, voice]
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Symbol for oersted.
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For words so beginning and not found here, see e-.
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1. Self-infliction of injury to the eyes, usually an attempt at evulsion. 2. Manifestation of the Oedipus complex. [Oedipus, G. myth. char.]
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Eusebio, Italian anatomist, 1827-1903. See O.'s muscles, under muscle.
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Johannes, German physician, *1879. See O.'s symptom.
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heptanal
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A unit of magnetic field intensity; the magnetic field intensity that exerts a force of 1 dyne on unit magnetic pole; equal to (1000/4pi) A. m-1. [Hans-Christian Oersted Danish physicist, 1777-1851]
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Infection with nematode parasites of the genus Oesophagostomum.esophagostomiasis; [G. oi-sophagos, gullet (esophagus), + stoma, mouth, + -iasis, condition]
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A genus of strongyle nematodes (subfamily Oesophagostominae) that encyst in the intestinal wall of herbivores and primates, causing nodular disease. Larvae appear to stimulate a host reaction in the intestinal wall, forming nodules in which the worms complete their development (unless the host is immune); they then leave the nodule and feed as adults in the lumen of the large intestine. [G. oisophagos, gullet (esophagus), + stoma, mouth]
O. apios´tomum a primate species that has been reported in northern Nigeria and central Africa to encyst under the submucosa of the human intestine and occasionally cause dysentery; a common parasite of monkeys and apes, both in captivity and in the wild.
O. brevicau´dum a species that occurs in the cecum and colon of pigs in North America and India.
O. brump´ti a species described from African monkeys and reported occasionally in humans.
O. columbia´num a species that occurs in sheep, goats, and wild African antelopes; except when present in large numbers, it does not appear to seriously affect the health of the host.
O. denta´tum a species that affects the colon of swine; the lesions are similar to those in sheep.
O. georgia´num a species that occurs in the cecum and colon of pigs in the U.S.
O. quadrispinula´tum a species that occurs in the cecum and colon of pigs in the Americas, Europe, and Southeast Asia.
O. radia´tum a species that occurs worldwide in cattle and water buffalo; the lesions are similar to those of sheep.
O. stephanos´tomum a species occurring in chimpanzees, monkeys, and gorillas in Africa, but also reported from humans and monkeys in Brazil.
O. venulo´sum a species that occurs worldwide in the cecum and colon of cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and many other ruminants.
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estradiol
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Common name for botflies of the family Oestridae, such as Oestrus. [G. oistros, gadfly]
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estriol
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estrogen
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estrone
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Infection of small ruminants and rarely humans with larvae of the fly Oestrus ovis.
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A genus of tissue-invading flies that cause myiasis in sheep; the head botflies in the family Oestridae. O. ovis (a nose fly) is a grayish brown, robust, hairy, beelike botfly, imported from Europe, and now a serious pest in parts of the U.S.; larvae are deposited by the adult fly in the nostrils of sheep, and inch-long larvae develop in the paranasal sinuses, causing considerable mucous discharge and distress in old or weak sheep. [G. oistros, gadfly]
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Authoritative; denoting a drug or a chemical or pharmaceutical preparation recognized as standard in the pharmacopeia. Cf. officinal. [L. officialis, fr. officium, a favor, service, fr. opus, work, + facio, to do]
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Denoting a chemical or pharmaceutical preparation kept in stock, in contrast to magistral (prepared extemporaneously according to a physician's prescription); an o. preparation is often, though not necessarily, official. [L. officina, shop]
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Kyusaka, 20th century Japanese physician. See O.-Knaus rule.
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Sir Alexander, Scottish surgeon, 1844-1929. See O.'s line; O.-Luc operation.
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Chita, Japanese ophthalmologist, 1875-1945. See O.'s disease.
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Joseph H., U.S. otolaryngologist, *1915. See O. operation.
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Michael, Jr., U.S. surgeon, 1869-1926. See O'H. forceps.
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Abbreviation for Oral Hygiene Index.
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Abbreviation for Simplified Oral Hygiene Index.
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Georg S., German physicist, 1787-1854. See ohm; O.'s law.
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The practical unit of electrical resistance; the resistance of any conductor allowing 1 ampere of current to pass under the electromotive force of 1 volt. [G.S. Ohm]
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A combined ohmmeter and ammeter.
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An instrument for determining the resistance, in ohms, of a conductor.
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Term used to designate the nonspreading growth of nonflagellated bacteria on agar media; also applied to somatic agglutination. See also O antigen. [Ger. without breath]
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See under line.
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For words so beginning and not found here, see e-.
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Resemblance to, joined properly to words formed from G. roots; equivalent to Eng. -form. [G. eidos, form, resemblance]
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Plural of oidium.
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An antigen used to demonstrate cutaneous hypersensitivity in patients infected with one of the Candida species; one of a series of antigens used to demonstrate an immunocompromised patient's capacity to react to any cutaneous antigen. [oidium + G. mykes, fungus, + -in]
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Formerly used term for arthroconidium. [Mod. L. dim. of G. oon, egg]
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An inflammable liquid, of fatty consistence and unctuous feel, that is insoluble in water, soluble or insoluble in alcohol, and freely soluble in ether. O.'s are variously classified as animal, vegetable, and mineral o.'s according to their source (the mineral o.'s probably being of remote animal and vegetable origin); into fatty (fixed) and volatile o.'s; and into drying and nondrying (fatty) o.'s, the former becoming gradually thicker when exposed to the air and finally drying to a varnish, the latter not drying but liable to become rancid on exposure. Many of the o.'s, both fixed and volatile, are used in medicine. For individual o.'s, see the specific names. [L. oleum; G. elaion, originally olive oil]
absolute o.'s essential o.'s that are obtained by the removal of insoluble compounds from concrete oils.
o. of anise volatile o. derived from the dried ripe fruit of Pimpinella anisum (family Umbelliferae) or of Illicium verum, (family Magnoliaceae) (Chinese star anise); has a characteristic anise aroma, resembling fennel. Used in manufacture of liqueurs, and as flavoring for candies, cookies, dentifrices. Pharmaceutical aid (flavor). Carminative.
o. of bay volatile o. derived by steam distillation of the dried leaves of Pimenta (Myrcia) acris (family Myrtaceae); o. of myrcia; used as an aromatic in the manufacture of bay rum and as a pharmaceutical aid.
o. of bergamot volatile o. derived by steam distillation from the rind of the fresh fruit of Citrus aurantium or C. bergamia; contains l-linalyl acetate, l-linalool; d-limonene, dipentene, bergaptene; used as a deodorant in preparations containing malodorous ingredients and as an aromatic in perfumes, hairdressings, and pomades.
betula oil (bet´yu-la) oil of sweet birch, a volatile oil obtained by distillation from the bark of Betula lenta (sweet birch); used as a flavoring agent and as a counterirritant liniment. See also methyl salicylate.
o. of bitter almond volatile o. from the dried ripe kernels of bitter almonds or from other kernels containing amygdalin, such as apricots, peaches, plums and cherries; obtained by steam distillation subsequent to maceration of the source with water. Formerly used as an antipruritic; poisonous-releases hydrocyanic acid (hydrogen cyanide). Only the oil free of hydrogen cyanide may be used to flavor liquors and foods.
o. of bitter orange volatile o. obtained by steam distillation from the fresh peel of Citrus aurantium (family Rutaceae). Aromatic material used as a flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals and foods and liquors; also used in perfumes.
o. of cardamom volatile o. obtained by steam distillation from the seeds of Elettaria cardamomum (family Zingiberacea.) A flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals (syrups), liquors, sauces, confections and baked goods; formerly used as a carminative.
o. of chenopodium volatile o. from the fresh above ground part of the flower, American wormseed, Chenopodium ambrosioides, or C. anthelminticum. Used as an anthelmintic.oil of American o;
o. of cherry laurel volatile o. derived by steam distillation from Prunus laurocerasus (family Rosaceae); similar to o. of bitter almond; highly toxic due to hydrogen cyanide content.
o. of cinnamon volatile o. obtained by steam distillation from the leaves and twigs of Cinnamomum cassia (family Lauracea). A flavor in foods and perfumes.
o. of citronella volatile o. obtained by steam distillation of fresh lemon grass. Contains citranellol; used as an insect repellent either on the skin or in the form of incense; also used as a perfume.
o. of clove volatile o. obtained by steam distillation of the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata (family Myrtacea). Contains about 85% eugenol along with other constituents. Used in dentistry as a local anesthetic and component of temporary fillings of the teeth. Also used to flavor foods; strong, pungent odor.clove oil;
concrete o.'s essential o.'s obtained by extraction with organic solvents; contain waxes and paraffins.
o. of coriander volatile o. from the dried ripe fruit of Coriandrum sativum (family Umbelliferae). Flavoring in foods and alcoholic beverages.
o. of cubeb volatile o. of the unripe fruit of Piper cubeba (family Piperaceae). Formerly used as a urinary antiseptic.
o. of dwarf pine needles volatile o. from the fresh leaves of Pinus montana (family Pinaceae). Pleasant pine odor; used as a pharmaceutical aid (flavor and perfume). Has been used as an expectorant.
essential o.'s plant products, usually somewhat volatile, giving the odors and tastes characteristic of the particular plant, thus possessing the essence, e.g., citral, pinene, camphor, menthane, terpenes; usually, the steam distillates of plants or oils of plants obtained by pressing out the rinds of a particular plant. See also volatile o.
ethereal o. volatile o
o. of eucalyptus volatile o. from the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus globulus (family Myrtaceae) and some other species of Eucalyptus; native to Australia; pungent o. with a spicy, cooling taste. Has been used as an aromatic in inhalants, as an expectorant, anthelmintic, and local antiseptic.
fatty o. an o. derived from both animals and plants; chemically, a glyceride of a fatty acid which, by substitution of the glycerine by an alkaline base, is converted into a soap; a fatty o., in contrast to a volatile o., is permanent, leaving a stain on an absorbent surface, and thus is not capable of distillation; it is obtained by expression or extraction; the consistency varies with the temperature, some being liquid (o.'s proper), others semisolid (fats), and others solid (tallows) at ordinary temperatures; both liquid and semisolid o.'s are congealed by cold and the solids are liquified by heat.fixed o;
o. of fennel volatile o. from the dried fruit of Foeniculum vulgare (family Umbelliferae). An aromatic o. with the odor and taste of fennel, similar to anise; used as a flavoring agent in pharmaceuticals. Has been used as a carminative.
fixed o. fatty o
fusel o. a mixture of side products of alcoholic fermentation; consists primarily of alcohols (e.g., amyl, propyl, isoamyl, and isobutyl alcohols).
joint o. synovial fluid
jojoba o. a liquid wax ester mixture extracted from ground or crushed seeds from Simmondsia chinensis and S. californica (family Buxaceae), desert shrubs native to Arizona, California, and northern Mexico. Used extensively in cosmetics for alleged skin softening and lubricating properties; other uses include as lubricant, fuel, chemical feedstock, substitute for sperm whale oil.oil of jojoba;
o. of juniper volatile o. from the dried ripe fruit (berries) of Juniperus communis (family Cupressaceae). Formerly used as a diuretic. Used in perfumery.juniper berry oil;
o. of lavender volatile o. from fresh flowering tops of Lavandula officinalis (family Labiatae). Aromatic o. used in perfume and as a flavoring agent. Has been used as a carminative.
o. of lemon volatile o. expressed from fresh peel of Citrus limonum (family Rutaceae). Aromatic o. used for flavoring pharmaceuticals, liqueurs, pastry, foods, beverages, and in perfumes.
o. of lemon grass volatile o. from Cymbopogon citratus and of C. flexuosus (family Gramineae). Used in perfumery and as a source of citral for the synthesis of vitamin A.
oil of American o. o. of chenopodium
oil of crispmint o. of spearmint
oil of curled mint o. of spearmint
oil of jojoba jojoba o
palm o. an o. obtained from the seeds of Elaeis guineensis (family Palmae); used in the manufacture of soap, liniments, and ointments; also in foods.
o. of pennyroyal either American or European. The former is a volatile o. derived from the flowering tops and leaves of Hedeoma pulegioides (family Labiatae). Contains pulegone and ketones. European is o. of pulegium; a volatile o. from Mentha pulegium (family Labiatae); about 85% pulegone. Has been used as an aromatic carminative, abortifacient and insect repellent.
o. of peppermint a volatile o. containing menthol (not less than 50% of total) obtained by steam distillation from the fresh flowering plant Mentha piperita (family Labiatae). Used as a pharmaceutical aid (flavor) and in flavoring liqueurs; a carminative.
o. of rose a volatile o. from the fresh flowers of Rosa gallica and R. damascena and other members of the Rosaceae family. Used largely in perfumery; ointments, and toilet preparations.attar of rose, essence of rose, otto of rose;
o. of spearmint volatile o. from the flowering tops of Mentha spicata (family Labiatae, pharmaceutical aid (flavor) and a carminative.oil of crispmint, oil of curled mint;
sweet birch o. methyl salicylate
o. of turpentine volatile o. distilled from the oleoresin and obtained from Pinus palastrus (family Pinaceae) and other species of Pinus yielding terpene oils. Solvent for o.'s, resins, varnishes; vehicle, thinner and remover of o.-based paints. Rubefacient; has been used as a counterirritant in liniments.
volatile o. a substance of oily consistency and feel, derived from a plant and containing the principles to which the odor and taste of the plant are due (essential o.); in contrast to a fatty o., a volatile o. evaporates when exposed to the air and thus is capable of distillation; it may also be obtained by expression or extraction; many volatile o.'s, identical to or closely resembling the natural o.'s, can be made synthetically. Volatile o.'s are used in medicine as stimulants, stomachics, correctives, carminatives, and for purposes of flavoring (e.g., peppermint oil).ethereal o;
o. of wormwood volatile o. from leaves and tops of Artemisia absinthium (family Compositae). Thujol alcohol and acetate; thujone (a powerful convulsant), phellandrene, cadinene; also a blue o. Used in flavoring of vermouth; formerly in absinthe.
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1-8-[4-(Dimethylphenylazo)dimethylphenylazo]-2-naphthalenol;a weakly acid diazo oil-soluble dye, used in histologic demonstration of neutral fats.
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sulfuric acid
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A semisolid preparation usually containing medicinal substances and intended for external application. O. bases used as vehicles fall into four general classes: 1) Hydrocarbon bases (oleaginous o. bases) keep medicaments in prolonged contact with the skin, act as occlusive dressings, and are used chiefly for emollient effects. 2) Absorption bases either permit the incorporation of aqueous solutions with the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion or are water-in-oil emulsions that permit the incorporation of additional quantities of aqueous solutions; such bases permit better absorption of some medicaments and are useful as emollients. 3) Water-removable bases (creams) are oil-in-water emulsions containing petrolatum, anhydrous lanolin, or waxes; they may be washed from the skin with water, and are thus more acceptable for cosmetic reasons; they favor absorption of serous discharges in dermatological conditions. 4) Water-soluble bases (greaseless ointment bases) contain only water-soluble substances. See also cerate.salve, uncture, unguent; [O. Fr. oignement; L. unguo, pp. unctus, to smear]
blue o. a grease-based o. containing 20% finely divided metallic mercury, formerly widely used for local application to the skin for the destruction of body lice. Risk is associated with transdermal absorption of mercury and a local dermatitis.mild mercurial ointment;
eye o. ophthalmic o
hydrophilic o. an o. base consisting of 25% each of white petrolatum and stearyl alcohol, 12% propyl glycol emulsified in 37% water by 1% of lauryl sulfate; preserved with paraben. Suitable for the incorporation of numerous drugs intended for local application; a washable o. base.
mild mercurial ointment blue o
ophthalmic o. a special o. for application to the eye that must be free from particles and must be nonirritating to the eye.eye o., oculentum;
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Reiji and Tuneko, 20th century Japanese biochemists. See O. fragment.
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Suffix denoting that a substance is an alcohol or a phenol.
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USAN-approved contraction for ethanolamine.
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Oily or greasy. [L. oleagineus, pertaining to olea, the olive tree]
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The bark and leaves of Nerium oleander (family Apocynaceae), a shrub of the eastern Mediterranean; formerly used as a diuretic and heart tonic.
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An antibiotic substance produced by species of Streptomyces antibioticus; effective against staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, and some Gram-negative bacteria.
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1. A salt of oleic acid. 2. A pharmacopeial preparation consisting of a combination or solution of an alkaloid or metallic base in oleic acid, used as an inunction.
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The prominent curved proximal extremity of the ulna, the upper and posterior surface of which gives attachment to the tendon of the triceps muscle, the anterior surface entering into the formation of the trochlear notch.elbow bone, olecranon process, point of elbow, tip of elbow; [G. the head or point of the elbow, fr. olene, ulna, + kranion, skull, head]
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alkene
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cis-9-Octadecenoic acid;an unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature; used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Cf. elaidic acid. [L. oleum, oil]
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trioleoyl glycerol; glyceryl trioleate;a triacylglycerol, solely containing oleoyl moieties, found in fats and oils.triolein;
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Oil. See also eleo-. [L. oleum]
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gomenol
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lipogranuloma
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lipogranuloma
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An instrument, similar to a hydrometer, for determining the specific gravity of oils.eleometer; [oleo- + G. metron, measure]
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A double salt of oleic and palmitic acids.
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1. A compound of an essential oil and resin, present in certain plants. 2. A pharmaceutical preparation. See aspidium, capsicum, ginger. 3. balsam
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A class of preparations made by the trituration of a volatile oil (anise, fennel, lemon, etc.) with sugar; used as a diluent or corrigent of powerful or bad tasting drugs in powder form.oil sugar; [oleo- + G. saccharon, sugar]
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A double salt of oleic and stearic acids.
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Greasy; relating to abnormality of the sebaceous apparatus. [L., fr. oleum, oil]
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Treatment of disease by an oil given internally or applied externally.eleotherapy; [oleo- + G. therapeia, therapy]
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A solution of a vitamin in an edible oil.
o. A and D a solution of vitamins A and D in fish liver oil or in an edible vegetable oil.
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turpentine oil
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A mixture of aliphatic alcohols consisting chiefly of CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7CH2OH; used as an emulsifying aid and in the preparation of cold cream; found in fish oils.
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A product of the DELTA9-desaturase enzyme system in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids.oleyl-coenzyme A;
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oleyl-CoA
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The unit of smell; the threshold of olfactory stimulation, or the point where the smell is just received in the olfactometer.olfacty; [see olfaction]
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1. The sense of smell.smell (2); 2. The act of smelling.osmesis, osphresis; [L. ol- facio, pp. -factus, to smell]
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Study of the sense of smell. [olfaction + G. logos, study]
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A device for estimating the keenness of the sense of smell. [L. olfactus, smell, + G. metron, measure]
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Determination of the degree of sensibility of the olfactory organ.
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Morbid fear of odors.osmophobia, osphresiophobia; [L. olfactus, smell, + G. phobos, fear]
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Relating to the sense of smell.osmatic, osphretic; [see olfaction]
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olfactie
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A gum resin from several trees of the genus Boswellia (family Burseraceae); has been used as a stimulant expectorant in bronchitis, for fumigations, and as incense.frankincense, thus; [Ar. al, the, + luban, frankincense]
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See oligo-.
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oligohydramnios
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A deficiency in the amount of blood in the body or any organ or tissue. [oligo- + G. haima, blood]
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Pertaining to or characterized by oligemia.
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Obsolete term for oligemia.
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Scanty perspiration. [oligo- + G. hidros, sweat]
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1. A few, a little; too little, too few. 2. In chemistry, used in contrast to "poly-" in describing polymers; e.g., oligosaccharide. [G. oligos, few]
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oligohydramnios [oligo- + amnion]
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A deficient secretion of bile. [oligo- + G. chole, bile]
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A deficiency of gastric juice. [oligo- + G. chylos, juice]
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A deficiency of chyme. [oligo- + G. chymos, juice]
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Consisting of only a few cysts, as occasionally observed in certain examples of hydatidiform mole and other lesions that ordinarily have numerous cysts. [oligo- + G. kystis, bladder, cyst]
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Presence of fewer than five digits on one or more limbs. [oligo- + G. daktylos, finger or toe]
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oligodendroglia
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A primitive glial cell that is the normal precursor cell of the oligodendrocyte.
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Obsolete term for oligodendroglioma. [oligo- + G. dendron, tree, + blastos, germ, + -oma]
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A cell of the oligodendroglia.
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One of the three types of glia cells (the other two being macroglia or astrocytes, and microglia) that, together with nerve cells, compose the tissue of the central nervous system. O. cells are characterized by variable numbers of veillike or sheetlike processes that are wrapped each around individual axons to form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous system (compared with Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system); forms myelin in the central nervous system; accordingly, they are more numerous in white matter than in gray matter.oligodendria; [oligo- + G. dendron, tree, + glia, glue]
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A relatively rare, relatively slowly growing glioma derived from oligodendrocytes that occurs most frequently in the cerebrum of adult persons; the neoplasm is grossly homogeneous, fairly well circumscribed, moderately firm, and somewhat gritty in consistency with interstitial calcification sufficiently dense so as to be detected by x-ray imaging of the skull. Microscopically, an o. is characterized by numerous, small, round, or ovoid, oligodendroglial cells with small, deeply stained nuclei (rarely observed in mitosis), and palely stained, indistinct cytoplasm; the neoplastic cells are rather uniformly distributed in a sparse, fibrillary stroma with scattered calcific bodies and an often prominent arcuate vasculature. [oligo- + G. dendron, tree, + glia, + -oma]
anaplastic o. an aggressive o. characterized by prominent nuclear pleomorphism, mitoses, and increased cellularity.pleomorphic o;
pleomorphic o. anaplastic o
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Abnormal lack of thirst. See also hypodipsia. [oligo- + G. dipsa, thirst]
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hypodontia [oligo- + G. odous, tooth]
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Active in very small quantity; e.g., the germicidal effect of an exceedingly dilute solution (such as one to one hundred million) of copper in distilled water. [oligo- + G. dynamis, power]
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Slight or scant secretion of milk. [oligo- + G. gala, milk]
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1,4-a-d-glucan 6-a-d-glucosyltransferase
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A glucanohydrolase cleaving a-1,6 links in isomaltose and dextrins produced from starch and glycogen by a-amylase; secreted into the duodenum; a deficiency of this enzyme leads to defects in intestinal digestion of limit dextrins. See also sucrose a-d-glucohydrolase.isomaltase, limit dextrinase (2);
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The presence of an insufficient amount of amniotic fluid (less than 300 ml at term).oligamnios, oligoamnios; [oligo- + G. hydor, water, + amnion]
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Obsolete term for excretion of small quantities of urine, as seen in dehydration. [oligo- + G. hydor, water, + ouron, urine]
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Having little yolk; denoting an egg in which there is only a little scattered deutoplasm. [oligo- + G. lekithos, yolk]
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Scanty menstruation. [oligo- + menorrhea]
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A polymer containing only a few repeating units, a "few" generally considered as less than 20.
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Presenting few changes of form; not polymorphic. [oligo- + G. morphe, form]
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Characterized by a reduced number of nephrons.
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A compound made up of the condensation of a small number (typically less than twenty) of nucleotides. Cf. polynucleotide.
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hypopepsia
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A peptide whose molecule contains a few amino acid residues up to about 20.
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A compound made up of the condensation of a small number (typically less than 20) of amino acids. Cf. polypeptide.
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mental retardation
phenylpyruvate oligophrenia phenylketonuria
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Deficient in reparative power. [oligo- + G. plasso, to form]
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hypopnea [oligo- + G. pnoe, breath]
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A scanty secretion of saliva.oligosialia; [oligo- + G. ptyalon, saliva]
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An abnormal indifference toward or dislike of persons or things. [G. oligoria, negligence, slight esteem, fr. oligos, little, + ora, care, regard]
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A compound made up of the condensation of a small number of monosaccharide units. Cf. polysaccharide.
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oligoptyalism [oligo- + G. sialon, saliva]
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A subnormal concentration of spermatozoa in the penile ejaculate.oligozoospermatism, oligozoospermia; [oligo- + G. sperma, seed]
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Having few or minor symptoms.
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Referring to neural conduction pathways that are interrupted by only a few synaptic junctions, i.e., made up of a sequence of only few nerve cells, in contrast to polysynaptic pathways.paucisynaptic;
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Rarely used term for a poverty or loss of affect. [oligo- + -thymia]
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hypotrichosis
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hypotrichosis
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Deficient nutrition. [oligo- + G. trophe, nourishment]
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oligospermia [oligo- + G. zoon, animal, + sperma, seed]
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oliguria [oligo- + G. ouresis, urination]
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Scanty urine production.oliguresia, oliguresis; [oligo- + G. ouron, urine]
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A smooth oval prominence of the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata lateral to the pyramidal tract, corresponding to the inferior olivary nucleus.corpus olivare, inferior olive, olivary body, olivary eminence, olive (1); [L.]
o. infe´rior the oliva.
o. supe´rior dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body
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1. Relating to the oliva. 2. Relating to or shaped like an olive.
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1. oliva 2. Common name for a tree of the genus Olea (family Oleaceae) or its fruit. [L. oliva]
inferior o. oliva
superior o. dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body
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The expressed oil of the fruit of Olea europaea; used as a cholagogue, laxative, and emollient, in the preparation of liniments, and in the preparation of foods.
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In a direction away from the olive. [oliva + L. fugio, to flee]
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In a direction toward the olive. [oliva + L. peto, to seek]
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See olivocochlear bundle.
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Relating to the olivary nucleus, basis pontis, and cerebellum.
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Helene, German dermatologist, fl. 1928. See Buschke-O. syndrome.
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Louis X.E.L., French surgeon, 1830-1900. See O. graft; O.'s disease, method, theory; O.-Thiersch graft.
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See -logia.
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A hallucinogen used in ceremonies by the Aztec Indians in Mexico; contains ergot alkaloids and derivatives of lysergic acid. See also Rivea corymbosa, Ipomoea rubrocoerulea var. praecox.
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Impaired speech due to an anatomical defect in the vocal organs. [G. oloos, destroyed, lost, + phone, voice]
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Jerzy, Polish-Canadian neuropathologist, 1966. See Steele-Richardson-O. disease, syndrome.
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A tumor or neoplasm (added to words from G. roots). [G. -oma]
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Inflammation of the omasum.
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The third stomach division of a ruminant.psalterium (2); [L. bullock's tripe]
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Plural of -oma.
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Louis, French surgeon, 1871-1956. See O. operation.
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Morbid fear of rain. [G. ombros, rainstorm, + phobos, fear]
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Gilbert S., U.S. internist, *1941. See O.'s syndrome.
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Relating to the omentum.epiploic;
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Resection or excision of the omentum.omentumectomy; [omentum + G. ektome, excision]
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Peritonitis involving the omentum. [L. omentum + G. -itis, inflammation]
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The omentum. See also epiplo-. [L. omentum]
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omentopexy
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1. Suture of the great omentum to the abdominal wall to induce collateral portal circulation. 2. Suture of the omentum to another organ to increase arterial circulation. See also omentoplasty.omentofixation; [omento- + G. pexis, fixation]
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Use of the greater omentum to cover or fill a defect, augment arterial or portal venous circulation, absorb effusions, or increase lymphatic drainage. See also omentopexy. [omento- + G. plastos, formed]
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Suture of an opening in the omentum. [omento- + G. rhaphe, suture]
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Twisting of the omentum.
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lesser omentum [Mod. L. dim. of omentum]
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A fold of peritoneum passing from the stomach to another abdominal organ. [L. the membrane that encloses the bowels]
gastrocolic o. greater o
gastrohepatic o. lesser o
gastrosplenic o. gastrosplenic ligament
greater o. a peritoneal fold passing from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon, hanging like an apron in front of the intestines.o. majus [NA], caul (2), cowl, epiploon, gastrocolic o., pileus, velum (3);
lesser o. a peritoneal fold passing from the margins of the porta hepatis and the bottom of the fissure of the ductus venosus to the lesser curvature of the stomach and to the the upper border of the duodenum for a distance of about 2 cm beyond the gastroduodenal pylorus.o. minus [NA], gastrohepatic o., omentulum;
o. ma´jus [NA] greater o
o. mi´nus [NA] lesser o
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omentectomy
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A drug which blocks the transport of hydrogen ions into the stomach and is used as an antiulcerative, and in treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
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Ayub, 20th century U.S. neurosurgeon. See O. reservoir.
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Abbreviation for L. omni hora, every hour.
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A childish or magical thought process whereby instantaneous gratification of fantasies and wishes is believed to be imminent.
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Living on food of all kinds, upon both animal and vegetable food. [L. omnis, all, + voro, to eat]
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The shoulder (sometimes including the upper arm). [G. omos, shoulder]
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Relating to the shoulder and the clavicle; denoting an anomalous muscle attached to the coracoid process or upper edge of the scapula and to the clavicle.
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omohyoid muscle
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The eating of raw food, especially of raw flesh. [G. omos, raw, + phago, to eat]
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Denoting a band of muscular fibers passing between the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the omohyoid muscle.
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Abbreviation for oligo-N-methylmorpholinium propylene oxide; orotidylic acid; orotidylate; orotidine 5´-monophosphate.
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Abbreviation for octamethyl pyrophosphoramide.
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orotidylic acid decarboxylase
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The umbilicus, the navel. [G. omphalos, navel (umbilicus)]
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Excision of the umbilicus or of a neoplasm connected with it. [omphal- + G. ektome, excision]
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Ulceration at the umbilicus. [omphal- + G. helkosis, ulceration]
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umbilical [G. omphalos, umbilicus]
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Inflammation of the umbilicus and surrounding parts.
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See omphal-.
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Unequal conjoined twins in which the parasite derives its blood supply from the placenta of the autosite. See conjoined twins, under twin.allantoidoangiopagus; [omphalo- + G. angeion, vessel, + pagos, something fixed]
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Congenital herniation of viscera into the base of the umbilical cord, with a covering membranous sac of peritoneum-amnion. The umbilical cord is inserted into the sac here, in contradistinction to its attachment in gastroschisis. See also umbilical hernia.amniocele, exomphalos (3), exumbilication (3); [omphalo- + G. kele, hernia]
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Relating to the umbilicus and the intestine.
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1. Term denoting relationship of the midgut to the yolk sac. As the head and tail folds of the embryo continue to form, this relationship is diminished and is represented by a narrow yolk stalk or vitelline duct. 2. Relating to the vitelline duct.
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Conjoined twins united at their umbilical regions. See conjoined twins, under twin.monomphalus; [omphalo- + G. pagos, something fixed]
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Inflammation of the umbilical veins. [omphalo- + G. phleps, vein, + -itis, inflammation]
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Bleeding from the umbilicus. [omphalo- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]
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A serous discharge from the umbilicus. [omphalo- + G. rhoia, flow]
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Rupture of the umbilical cord during childbirth. [omphalo- + G. rhexis, rupture]
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Rarely used term for umbilicus. [G. navel]
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Underdeveloped twin of allantoidangiopagous twin; joined by umbilical vessels.placental parasitic twin; [omphalo- + G. sitos, food]
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Denoting a line connecting the umbilicus and the anterior superior spine of the ilium, on which lies McBurney's point.
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Cutting of the umbilical cord at birth. [omphalo- + G. tome, incision]
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Crushing, instead of cutting, the umbilical cord after childbirth. [omphalo- + G. tripsis, a rubbing]
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vesicoumbilical
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Rarely used term for umbilicus. [G. omphalos, navel]
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orotate phosphoribosyltransferase
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Abbreviation for organic mental syndrome.
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1. The act of a male to spill his seed on the ground; withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation, in order to prevent insemination and fecundation of the ovum. 2. Incorrectly used as a synonym of masturbation. [Onan, son of Judah, who practiced it. Genesis 38:9]
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See onco-.
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A genus of elongated filariform nematodes (family Onchocercidae) that inhabit the connective tissue of their hosts, usually within firm nodules in which these parasites are coiled and entangled.Oncocerca; [G. onkos, a barb, + kerkos, tail]
O. cervica´lis a species common in the ligamentum nuchae of horses, mules, and asses, where it has been suspected of playing a role in fistulous withers and poll evil.
O. gibso´ni a species that infects the subcutaneous tissues of cattle, buffalo, and sheep.
O. liena´lis a species that inhabits the connective tissue around the ligamentum nuchae, tibiofemoral ligament, spleen capsule, and other sites in cattle and buffalo; although widely distributed, it is not common in the U.S.
O. vol´vulus the blinding nodular worm, a species that causes onchocerciasis.
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Infection with Onchocerca (especially O. volvulus, a filarial nematode transmitted from person to person by black flies of the genus Simulium), marked by nodular swellings forming a fibrous cyst enveloping the coiled parasites; microfilariae move freely out of the nodule and escape into the intercellular lymph in the dermis. Dermatological changes often develop, especially in Africa, resulting in intense pruritus, scaly or lichenoid skin, depigmentation, and destruction of elastic fibers. Most important are the ocular complications that may develop after a long chronic course, with blindness frequently occurring in advanced cases, due to the presence of living or dead microfilariae seen by slit lamp biomicroscopy.blinding disease, onchocercosis, volvulosis;
ocular o. ocular complications, such as keratitis, iridocyclitis, or retrobulbar neuritis, caused by the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus.river blindness;
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Common name for members of the family Onchocercidae.
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A family of nematode parasites (superfamily Filarioidea) characterized by production of microfilariae; it includes the genera Onchocerca, Wuchereria, Brugia, Loa, and Mansonella.
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onchocerciasis
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A tumor. [G. onkos, bulk, mass]
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Onchocerca
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A large, granular, acidophilic tumor cell containing numerous mitochondria; a neoplastic oxyphil cell. [onco- + G. kytos, cell]
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A glandular tumor composed of large cells with cytoplasm that is granular and eosinophilic due to the presence of abundant mitochondria; occurs uncommonly in the kidney, salivary glands, and endocrine glands.oxyphil adenoma; [onco- + G. kytos, cell, + -oma, tumor]
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Relating to tumor-associated substances present in fetal tissue, as o. antigens.
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1. Any of a family of genes which under normal circumstances code for proteins involved in cell growth or regulation (e.g., protein kinases, GTPases, nuclear proteins, growth factors) but may foster malignant processes if mutated or activated by contact with retroviruses. Identified oncogenes include the ras, originally associated with bladder tumors, and the p53, a mutated version of a gene on chromosome 17 which normally corrects for mutations caused by ultraviolet radiation. p53 now has been shown to be involved in cancers of the breast, cervix, ovary, and lung, among others. Oncogenes often work in concert to produce cancer, and their action may be exacerbated by retroviruses, jumping genes, or inherited genetic mutations. See antioncogene. 2. Found in certain DNA tumor viruses. It is required for viral replication.transforming gene; [onco- + gene]
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Origin and growth of a neoplasm. [onco- + G. genesis, production]
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oncogenous
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Causing, inducing, or being suitable for the formation and development of a neoplasm.oncogenic;
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A recording oncometer, or the recording portion of an oncometer. [onco- + G. graphe, a record]
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Graphic representation, by means of a special apparatus, of the size and configuration of an organ.
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Intumescence or turgescence. [onco- + G. eidos, resemblance]
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A specialist in oncology.
radiation o. radiotherapist
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The study or science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biologic properties and features of neoplasms, including causation, pathogenesis, and treatment. [onco- + G. logos, study]
radiation o. the medical specialty of radiation therapy; the study of radiation treatment of neoplasms.
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Destruction of a neoplasm; sometimes used with reference to the reduction of any swelling or mass. [onco- + G. lysis, dissolution]
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Pertaining to, characterized by, or causing oncolysis.
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A medically important genus of amphibious freshwater operculate snails of the family Hydrobiidae (subfamily Hydrobiinae; subclass Prosobranchiata). In the Orient, several subspecies of O. hupensis serve as intermediate hosts of the oriental blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum. [onco- + G. melas (melan-), black]
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1. An instrument for measuring the size and configuration of the kidneys and other organs. 2. The measuring, as distinguished from the recording part of the oncograph. [onco- + G. metron, measure]
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Relating to oncometry.
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Measurement of the size of an organ.
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Oncovirinae
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A condition characterized by the formation of one or more neoplasms or tumors. [G. onkosis, swelling, fr. onkos, bulk, mass]
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hexacanth [onco- + G. sphaira, sphere]
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Treatment of tumors.
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Relating to or caused by edema or any swelling (oncosis).
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Rarely used term for incision of an abscess, cyst, or other tumor. [onco- + G. tome, incision]
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Manifesting a special affinity for neoplasms or neoplastic cells.tumoraffin; [onco- + G. trope, a turning]
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A subfamily of viruses (family Retroviridae) composed of the RNA tumor viruses that contain two identical plus stranded RNA molecules. Subgroups are based on antigenicity, host range, and kind of malignancy induced (avian, feline, hamster, or murine leukemia-sarcoma complex; murine mammary tumor virus; primate oncoviruses). Like other retroviruses, the oncoviruses contain RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (reverse transcriptases). Virions, on the basis of morphology and antigenicity, are of four types: 1) type A, found only within infected cells and seemingly immature in that there is no electron-dense nucleoid; 2) type B, having an eccentric electron-dense nucleoid and associated with the Bittner mammary tumor; 3) type C, having a centrally located, electron-dense nucleoid and associated with leukemia-sarcoma complexes of various species; 4) type D, having a central electron-dense nucleoid but differing in other respects from type C. An important aspect of these viruses seems to be utilization of viral reverse transcriptase to make DNA which can be integrated into the DNA of the host cell and will replicate along with cellular DNA.oncornaviruses;
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Any virus of the subfamily Oncovirinae. See also oncogenic virus.
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A serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic, particularly in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment for cancer.
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German mythological character.
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Suffix indicating a ketone (-CO-) group.
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1. Pertaining to dreams. 2. Pertaining to the clinical state of oneirophrenia.oniric; [G. oneiros, dream]
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A waking dream state. [G. oneiros, dream]
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Rarely used term pertaining to the logic of dreams. [G. oneiros, dream, + kritikos, skilled in judgment]
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Rarely used term for an unpleasant or painful dream. [G. oneiros, dream, + odyne, pain]
o. acti´va somnambulism (1)
o. gra´vis nightmare
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Nocturnal emission of semen, often related to erotic dreams. See also wet dream. [G. oneirogmos, an effusion of semen during sleep]
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The study of dreams and their content. [G. oneiros, dream, + logos, study]
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A state in which hallucinations occur, caused by such conditions as prolonged deprivation of sleep, sensory isolation, and a variety of drugs. [G. oneiros, dream, + phren, mind]
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Rarely used term for the diagnosis of a person's mental state by an analysis of his dreams. [G. oneiros, dream, + skopeo, to examine]
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Rarely used term for the morbidly exaggerated need or urge to buy beyond the realistic needs of the individual. [G. onios, for sale, + mania, insanity]
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oneiric
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Suffix indicating a positively charged radical; e.g., ammonium, NH4+.
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See onco-.
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1. A metal (usually gold) cast restoration of the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth or the lingual surface of an anterior tooth, the entire surface of which is in dentin without side walls; retention in the anterior tooth is by pins and in the posterior by pins and/or boxes in retentive grooves in the buccal and lingual walls. 2. A graft applied on the exterior of a bone.
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A., 20th century Hungarian laryngologist. See Onodi cell.
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An abnormal impulse to dwell upon certain words and their supposed significance, or to frantically try to recall a particular word. [G. onoma, name, + mania, frenzy]
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Abnormal dread of certain words or names because of their supposed significance.nomatophobia; [G. onoma, name, + phobos, fear]
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The making of a name or word, especially to express or imitate a natural sound (e.g., hiss, crash, boom); in psychiatry, the tendency to make new words of this type is said to characterize some persons with schizophrenia. See also neologism. [G. onoma, name, + poiesis, making]
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ontogeny
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Relating to ontogeny.
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Development of the individual, as distinguished from phylogeny, which is evolutionary development of the species.ontogenesis; [G. on, being, + genesis, origin]
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A traditional branch of metaphysics that deals with problems of being, existence, inner nature, meaning, etc. It is fundamental to problems involving normality and disease, individuality, responsibility, and the analysis of values. In recent years, it has been slowly assuming a place as a branch of medicine proper.
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Wladislaus, Swiss anatomist, 1836-1900. See Onuf's nucleus.
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An acute disease affecting natives of Central Africa, characterized by bloody vesicles of the mouth and other mucous surfaces, hematuria, and melena; defective nutrition may be the cause.akembe, kafindo;
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See onycho-.
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Pain in the nails. [onycho- + G. algos, pain]
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Atrophy of the nails. [onycho- + G. atrophia, atrophy]
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Marked overgrowth of the fingernails or toenails. [onycho- + G. auxe, increase]
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Ablation of a toenail or fingernail. [onycho- + G. ektome, excision]
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Inflammation of the matrix of the nail.onychitis, onyxitis; [onycho- + G. -ia, condition]
o. latera´lis paronychia
o. malig´na acute o. occurring spontaneously in debilitated patients, or in response to slight trauma.Wardrop's disease;
o. periungua´lis paronychia
o. sic´ca a condition characterized by brittle nails.
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onychia
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A finger nail, a toenail. [G. onyx, nail]
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Breaking of the nails. [onycho- + G. klasis, breaking]
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ingrown nail [onycho- + G. krypto, to conceal]
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Dystrophic changes in the nails occurring as a congenital defect or due to any illness or injury that may cause a malformed nail. [onycho- + G. dys-, bad, + trophe, nourishment]
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An instrument for recording the capillary blood pressure as shown by the circulation under the nail. [onycho- + G. grapho, to write]
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onychogryposis
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Enlargement with increased thickening and curvature of the fingernails or toenails.gryposis unguium, onychogryphosis; [onycho- + G. gryposis, a curvature]
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Abnormal placement of nails.
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Resembling a fingernail in structure or form. [onycho- + G. eidos, resemblance]
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Study of the nails. [onycho- + G. logos, treatise]
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Loosening of the nails, beginning at the free border, and usually incomplete. [onycho- + G. lysis, loosening]
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A tumor arising from the nail bed. [onycho- + G. -oma, tumor]
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Complete shedding of the nails, usually associated with systemic disease. [onycho- + G. madesis, a growing bald, fr. madao, to be moist, (of hair) fall off]
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Abnormal softness of the nails. [onycho- + G. malakia, softness]
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Very common fungus infections of the nails, causing thickening, roughness, and splitting, often caused by Trichophyton rubrum or T. mentagrophytes, Candida in the immunodeficient, and molds in the elderly.ringworm of nails; [onycho- + G. mykes, fungus, + -osis, condition]
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onychopathy [onycho- + G. nosos, disease]
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Obsolete term for the nail-patella syndrome.
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Relating to or suffering from any disease of the nails.
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Study of diseases of the nails.
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Any disease of the nails.onychonosus, onychosis; [onycho- + G. pathos, suffering]
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Habitual nailbiting. [onycho- + G. phago, to eat]
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A growth of horny epithelium in the nail bed. [onycho- + G. phos, light, + -osis, condition]
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Swelling or hypertrophy of the nails. [onycho- + G. phyma, growth]
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A corrective or plastic operation on the nail matrix. [onycho- + G. plastos, formed, shaped]
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Falling off of the nails. [onycho- + G. ptosis, a falling]
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Abnormal brittleness of the nails with splitting of the free edge. [onycho- + G. rhexis, a breaking]
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Splitting of the nails in layers. [onycho- + G. schizo, to divide, + -ia, condition]
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onychopathy
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nail bed [onycho- + G. stroma, bedding]
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A tendency to pick at the nails. [onycho- + G. tillo, to pluck, + mania, insanity]
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Incision into a toenail or fingernail. [onycho- + G. tome, cutting]
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Nutrition of the nails. [onycho- + G. trophe, nourishment]
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nail [G. nail]
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ingrown nail
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onychia
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Egg, ovary. See also oophor-, ovario-, ovi-, ovo-. [G. oon, egg. OO-]
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ovarian pregnancy [G. oon, egg, + kyesis, pregnancy]
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The encysted form of the fertilized macrogamete, or zygote, in coccidian Sporozoea in which sporogonic multiplication occurs; results in the formation of sporozoites, infectious agents for the next stage of the sporozoan life cycle. [G. oon, egg, + kystis, bladder]
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The immature ovum.ovocyte; [G. oon, egg, + kytos, a hollow (cell)]
primary o. an o. during its growth phase and before it completes the first maturation division.
secondary o. an o. in which the first meiotic division is completed; the second meiotic division usually stops short of completion unless fertilization occurs.
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Process of formation and development of the ovum.ovigenesis, ovogenesis; [G. oon, egg, + genesis, origin]
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Producing ova.oogenic, oogenous, ovigenetic, ovigenic, ovigenous;
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oogenetic
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1. Primitive germ cells; proliferate by mitotic division. All oogonia develop into primary oocytes prior to birth; no oogonia are present after birth. 2. In fungi, the female gametangium bearing one or more oospores. [G. oon, egg, + gone, generation]
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Chromosomal movements of the egg during maturation and fertilization. [G. oon, egg, + kinesis, movement]
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The motile zygote of the malarial organism that penetrates the mosquito stomach to form an oocyst under the outer gut lining; the contents of the oocyst subsequently divide to produce numerous sporozoites.vermicule (2); [G. oon, egg, + kinetos, motile]
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Plasma membrane of the oocyte. [G. oon, egg, + lemma, sheath]
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A mycosis caused by fungi belonging to the class Oomycetes; e.g., rhinosporidiosis, pythiosis.
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The habitual eating of eggs; subsisting largely on eggs. [G. oon, egg, + phago, to eat]
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The ovary. See also oo-, ovario-. [Mod. L. oophoron, ovary, fr. G. oophoros, egg-bearing]
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ovarialgia [oophor- + G. algos, pain]
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ovariectomy [G. oon, egg, + phoros, bearing, + ektome, excision]
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Inflammation of an ovary.ovaritis; [G. oon, egg, + phoros, a bearing, + -itis, inflammation]
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See oophor-.
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Excision of an ovarian cyst.
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Ovarian cyst formation.
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ovariohysterectomy
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An ovarian tumor.ovarioncus;
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Rarely used term for ovary. [G. oon, egg, + phoros, bearing]
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ovariopathy
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oophororrhaphy [oophoro- + G. pellis, pelvis, + pexis, fixation]
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Surgical fixation or suspension of an ovary. [oophoro- + G. pexis, fixation]
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Plastic operation upon an ovary. [oophoro- + G. plastos, formed, shaped]
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Suspension of the ovary by attachment to pelvic the wall.oophoropeliopexy; [oophoro- + G. rhaphe, suture]
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ovariosalpingectomy
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ovariosalpingitis [oophoro- + salpingitis]
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ovariostomy [oophoro- + G. stoma, mouth]
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ovariotomy [oophoro- + G. tome, incision]
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Ovarian hemorrhage. [oophoro- + G. rhegnymi, to burst forth]
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Protoplasmic portion of the ovum. [G. oon, egg, + plasma, a thing formed]
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A cytoplasmic body in the ovum that passes into the germ cell. [G. oon, egg + soma, body]
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Obsolete term for oogonium (2) . [oospore + G. angeion, vessel]
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A thick-walled fungus spore which develops from a female gamete either through fertilization or parthenogenesis in an oogonium. [see Oospora]
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1. An egg case found in some lower animals. 2. Rarely used term for ovary. [G. oon, egg, + theke, box, case]
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The nearly mature ovum after the first meiotic division has been completed and the second initiated; in most higher mammals, the second meiotic division is not completed unless fertilization occurs. [G. ootidion, a diminutive egg. See -id (2)]
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The central portion of the ovarian complex of trematodes and cestodes in which fertilization takes place and the vitellarian or eggshell materials are coated over the egg; this occurs in a rapid, stamping-mill sequence, after which eggs pass into the uterus for tanning of the shell, storage, and passage toward the genital pore. [G. oon, egg, + typos, stamp, print]
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1. The process of making opaque. 2. The formation of opacities. [L. opacus, shady]
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1. A lack of transparency; an opaque or nontransparent area. 2. On a radiograph, a more transparent area is interpreted as an o. to x-rays in the body. 3. Mental dullness. [L. opacitas, shadiness]
nodular o. a solitary, round, circumscribed shadow found in the lung on chest radiograph; causes include granuloma, primary or metastatic carcinoma, benign tumor, vascular malformation.coin lesion of lungs;
snowball o. a spherical, white body seen in the vitreous in asteroid hyalosis.
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Resembling an opal in the display of various colors; denoting certain bacterial cultures. [Fr. fr. L. opalus, opal]
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Adam, Polish physician, 1897-1963. See O. cell.
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Impervious to light; not translucent or only slightly so. Cf. radiopaque. [Fr. fr. L. opacus, shady]
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An apparatus for study of voice vibrations by which the vibrations of a diaphragm, started by the voice, move a mirror by which a ray of light is reflected on a screen. [G. ops (op-), a voice, + eidos, appearance, + skopeo, to view]
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1. Not closed; exposed, said of a wound. 2. To enter or expose, as a wound or cavity. [A.S.]
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aperture See also aperture, fossa, ostium, orifice.
access o. access
aortic o. aortic hiatus
cardiac o. cardiac orifice
o. to cerebral aqueduct anus cerebri
esophageal o. esophageal hiatus
o. of external acoustic meatus the orifice of the external acoustic meatus in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone.porus acusticus externus [NA], external acoustic foramen, external acoustic pore, external auditory pore, external auditory foramen, orifice of external acoustic meatus;
external o. of urethra external urethral orifice
femoral o. adductor hiatus
ileocecal o. ileocecal orifice
o. of inferior vena cava the orifice through which the inferior vena cava opens into the right atrium.ostium venae cavae inferioris [NA], orifice of inferior vena cava;
o. of internal acoustic meatus the inner opening of the internal acoustic meatus on the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone.porus acusticus internus [NA], internal acoustic foramen, internal acoustic pore, auditory pore, internal auditory foramen, orifice of internal acoustic meatus;
internal urethral o. internal urethral orifice
lacrimal o. lacrimal punctum
orbital o. the somewhat quadrangular anterior entrance to the orbit which forms the base of the pyramid-shaped orbital cavity. It is bounded by the sharp supra-, infra-, and lateral orbital margins and a less obvious medial margin on each side of the upper nose.aditus orbitae [NA], aperture of orbit;
pharyngeal o. of auditory tube an opening in the upper part of the nasopharynx about 1.2 cm behind the posterior extremity of the inferior concha on each side.ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae [NA], pharyngeal o. of eustachian tube;
pharyngeal o. of eustachian tube pharyngeal o. of auditory tube
piriform o. anterior nasal aperture
o. of pulmonary trunk the o. of the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle, guarded by the pulmonary valve.ostium trunci pulmonalis [NA], pulmonary orifice;
o.'s of pulmonary veins the orifices of the pulmonary veins, usually two on each side, in the wall of the left atrium.ostia venarum pulmonalium [NA];
saphenous o. the opening in the fascia lata inferior to the medial part of the inguinal ligament through which the saphenous vein passes to enter the femoral vein.hiatus saphenus [NA], fossa ovalis (2), saphenous hiatus;
o. of the sphenoidal sinus one of the pair of openings in the body of the sphenoid bone through which the sphenoid sinuses communicate with the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity.apertura sinus sphenoidalis [NA], sphenoidal sinus aperture;
o. of superior vena cava the point of entry of the superior vena cava into the right atrium.ostium venae cavae superioris [NA], orifice of superior vena cava;
tendinous o. adductor hiatus
tympanic o. of auditory tube an opening in the anterior part of the tympanic cavity below the canal for the tensor tympani muscle.ostium tympanicum tubae auditivae [NA], tympanic o. of eustachian tube;
tympanic o. of canaliculi for chorda tympani the small canal opening found lateral to the pyramidal eminence in the posterior wall of the middle ear cavity from which the chorda tympani nerve emerges to pass anteriorly between the ossicles accompanied by a branch of the stylomastoid artery.apertura tympanica canaliculi chordae tympani [NA];
tympanic o. of eustachian tube tympanic o. of auditory tube
ureteral o. ureteric orifice
urethral o.'s See external urethral orifice, internal urethral orifice.
uterine o. of uterine tubes uterine ostium of uterine tubes
o. of uterus external os of uterus
vaginal o. vaginal orifice
vertical o. vertical dimension
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Denoting a patient or condition on which a surgical procedure can be performed with a reasonable expectation of cure or relief.
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In conditioning, any behavior or specific response chosen by the experimenter; its frequency is intended to increase or decrease by the judicious pairing with it of a reinforcer when it occurs.target behavior (1), target response;
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1. To work upon the body by the hands or by means of cutting or other instruments to correct a surgical problem. 2. To cause a movement of the bowels; said of a laxative or cathartic remedy. [L. operor, pp. -atus, to work, fr. opus, work]
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1. Any surgical procedure. 2. The act, manner, or process of functioning. See also method, procedure, technique.
Abbe o. use of an Abbe flap in plastic surgery of the lips.
Arie-Pitanguy o. a procedure to reduce a large breast by a lozenge-shaped resection of tissue from its inferior pole.Arie-Pitanguy mammaplasty;
Arlt's o. transplantation of the eyelashes back from the edge of the lid in trichiasis.
arterial switch o. o. for complete transposition of the great arteries; the most common way to repair this defect consists of switching the aorta and pulmonary arteries and implanting the coronary arteries into the neoaorta (the original pulmonary artery).
Baldy's o. an obsolete o. for retrodisplacement of the uterus, consisting of bringing the round ligaments through the perforated broad ligaments and attaching them to each other and to the back of the uterus.Webster's o;
Ball's o. division of the sensory nerve trunks supplying the anus, for relief of pruritus ani.
Barkan's o. goniotomy for congenital glaucoma under direct observation of the anterior chamber angle.
Bassini's o. an o. for an inguinal hernia repair; after reduction of the hernia, the sac is twisted, ligated, and cut off, then a new inguinal canal is made by uniting the edge of the internal oblique muscle to the inguinal ligament, placing on this the cord, and covering the latter by the external oblique muscle.
Baudelocque's o. an incision through the posterior cul-de-sac of the vagina for the removal of the ovum, in extrauterine pregnancy.
Belsey Mark IV o. a transthoracic anti-reflux procedure; it restores a 3 to 4 cm length of intraabdominal esophagus, maintains a narrow diameter of the distal esophagus by a gastric fundoplication.
Billroth's o. I excision of the pylorus with end-to-end anastomosis of stomach and duodenum.Billroth I anastomosis;
Billroth's o. II resection of the pylorus with the greater part of the lesser curvature of the stomach, closure of the cut ends of the duodenum and stomach, followed by a gastrojejunostomy.Billroth II anastomosis;
Blalock-Hanlon o. the creation of a large atrial septal defect as a palliative procedure for complete transposition of the great arteries.
Blalock-Taussig o. an o. for congenital malformations of the heart, in which an abnormally small volume of blood passes through the pulmonary circuit; blood from the systemic circulation is directed to the lungs by anastomosing the right or left subclavian artery to the right or left pulmonary artery.
bloodless o. an o. performed with negligible loss of blood.
Bozeman's o. an o. for uterovaginal fistula, the cervix uteri being attached to the bladder and opening into its cavity.
Bricker o. an o. utilizing an isolated segment of ileum to collect urine from the ureters and conduct it to the skin surface.
Brock o. transventricular valvotomy for relief of pulmonic valvar stenosis. Obsolete procedure.
Brunschwig's o. total pelvic exenteration
Burow's o. an o. in which triangles of skin adjacent to a sliding flap are excised to facilitate movement of the flap.
Caldwell-Luc o. an intraoral procedure for opening into the maxillary antrum through the supradental (canine) fossa above the maxillary premolar teeth.intraoral antrostomy, Luc's o;
capital o. obsolete term for an o. of such magnitude or involving vital organs to such an extent that it is per se dangerous to life.
Carmody-Batson o. reduction of fractures of the zygoma and zygomatic arch through an intraoral incision above the maxillary molar teeth.
Caslick's o. an o. for the correction of faulty conformation of the vulva of the mare, a frequent cause of low-grade vaginitis and infertility; consists of surgical closure of the dorsal portion of the vulva.
cesarean o. See cesarean section, cesarean hysterectomy.
commando o. commando procedure
concrete o.'s in the psychology of Piaget, a stage of development in thinking, occurring approximately between 7 and 11 years of age, during which a child becomes capable of reasoning about concrete situations.
Cotte's o. presacral neurectomy
Dana's o. posterior rhizotomy
Dandy o. See third ventriculostomy, trigeminal rhizotomy.
Daviel's o. extracapsular cataract extraction.
debulking o. excision of a major part of a malignant tumor which cannot be completely removed, so as to enhance the effectiveness of subsequent radio- or chemotherapy.
decompression o.'s See decompression.
Doyle's o. paracervical uterine denervation.
Dupuy-Dutemps o. a modified dacryocystorhinostomy for stenosis of the lacrimal duct.
Elliot's o. trephining of the eyeball at the corneoscleral margin to relieve tension in glaucoma.
Emmet's o. trachelorrhaphy
Esser o. See inlay graft.
Estes o. an o. for sterility in which a portion of an ovary is implanted on one uterine cornu.
Estlander o. use of an Estlander flap in plastic surgery of the lips.
fenestration o. a rarely used surgical procedure producing an opening from the external auditory canal to the membranous labyrinth to improve hearing in hearing impairment of the conduction type.
Filatov's o. obsolete eponym for penetrating keratoplasty.
filtering o. a surgical procedure for creation of a fistula between the anterior chamber of the eye and the subconjunctival space in treatment of glaucoma.
Finney's o. gastroduodenostomy which creates, by the technique of closure, a large opening to insure free emptying from the stomach.
flap o. 1. flap amputation 2. in dental surgery, an o. in which a portion of the mucoperiosteal tissues is surgically detached from the underlying bone or impacted tooth for better access and visibility in exploring the area covered by the tissue. See also flap.
Foley o. Foley Y-plasty pyeloplasty
Fontan o. Fontan procedure
formal o.'s in the psychology of Piaget, a stage of development in thinking, occurring approximately between 11 and 15 years of age, during which a child becomes capable of reasoning about abstract situations; reasoning at this stage is comparable to that of normal adults but less sophisticated.
Fothergill's o. Manchester o
Frazier-Spiller o. See trigeminal rhizotomy.
Fredet-Ramstedt o. pyloromyotomy
Freund's o. 1. total abdominal hysterectomy for uterine cancer; 2. chondrotomy to relieve Freund's anomaly.
Gigli's o. pubiotomy
Gilliam's o. an o. for retroversion of the uterus by suturing round ligaments to abdominal wall fascia.
Gillies' o. a technique for reducing fractures of the zygoma and the zygomatic arch through an incision in the temporal region above the hairline.
Gil-Vernet o. extended pyelotomy
Glenn's o. anastomosis between the superior vena cava and the right main pulmonary artery to increase pulmonary blood flow as a palliative correction for tricuspid atresia.
Graefe's o. 1. removal of cataract by a limbal incision with capsulotomy and iridectomy. Both operations were landmarks in the field of ophthalmic surgery; 2. iridectomy for glaucoma.
Gritti's o. Gritti-Stokes amputation
Halsted's o. 1. an o. for the radical correction of inguinal hernia; 2. radical mastectomy
Hartmann's o. resection of the rectosigmoid colon beginning at or just above the peritoneal reflexion and extending proximally, with closure of the rectal stump and end-colostomy.
Heaney's o. technique for vaginal hysterectomy.
Heller o. esophagomyotomy at the gastro-esophageal region.
Hill o. repair of hiatus hernia; narrowing the esophagogastric junction and attaching it to the right medial arcuate ligament.
Hoffa's o. in congenital dislocation of the hip, hollowing out the acetabulum and reduction of the head of the femur after severing the muscles inserted into the upper portion of the bone.
Hofmeister's o. partial gastrectomy with closure of a portion of the lesser curvature and retrocolic anastomosis of the remainder to jejunum.
Huggins' o. orchidectomy performed for palliation or cure of cancer of the prostate.castration (1);
Hummelsheim's o. transplantation of a normal ocular rectus muscle, to substitute for a paralyzed muscle.
Hunter's o. ligation of the artery proximal and distal to an aneurysm.
Indian o. Indian rhinoplasty
interval o. an o. performed during a period of quiescence or of intermission in the condition necessitating surgery.
Italian o. Italian rhinoplasty
Jacobaeus o. obsolete term for pleurolysis.
Jansen's o. an o. for frontal sinus disease, the lower wall and lower portion of the anterior wall being removed and the mucous membrane curetted away.
Kasai o. portoenterostomy
Kazanjian's o. surgical extension of the vestibular sulcus of edentulous ridges to increase their height and to improve denture retention. See also ridge extension.
Keen's o. removal of sections of the posterior branches of the spinal nerves to the affected muscles, and of the spinal accessory nerve, as a cure for torticollis.
Keller-Madlener o. an o. for treatment of gastric ulcer located in the proximal cardia that involves 75% gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy.
Kelly's o. 1. correction of retroversion of the uterus by plication of uterosacral ligaments; 2. correction of urinary stress incontinence by vaginally placing sutures beneath the bladder neck.
Killian's o. an o. for frontal sinus disease in which the entire anterior wall is removed and the mucous membrane is curetted away; the ethmoid cells are scraped out through an opening in the nasal process of the maxillary bone, and the upper wall of the orbit is removed as well.
Koerte-Ballance o. operative anastomosis of the facial and hypoglossal nerves for the treatment of facial paralysis.
Kondoleon o. excision of strips of subcutaneous connective tissue for the relief of elephantiasis.
Kraske's o. removal of the coccyx and excision of the left wing of the sacrum in order to afford approach for resection of the rectum for cancer or stenosis.
Krönlein o. orbital decompression through the anterior lateral wall of the orbit.
Ladd's o. division of Ladd's band to relieve duodenal obstruction in malrotation of the intestine.
Lambrinudi o. a form of triple arthrodesis done in such a manner as to prevent foot drop, usually as occurs in poliomyelitis.
Laroyenne's o. puncture of Douglas pouch to evacuate the pus and to secure drainage in cases of pelvic suppuration.
Lash's o. removal of a wedge of the internal cervical os with suturing of the internal os into a tighter canal structure.
LeCompte o. LeCompte maneuver
Leriche's o. periarterial sympathectomy
Lisfranc's o. Lisfranc's amputation
Longmire's o. intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy with partial hepatectomy for biliary obstruction.
Luc's o. Caldwell-Luc o
Madlener o. tubal sterilization by clamp and tie.
major o. an extensive, relatively difficult surgical procedure involving vital organs and/or in itself hazardous to life.
Manchester o. a vaginal o. for prolapse of the uterus, consisting of cervical amputation and parametrial fixation (cardinal ligaments) anterior to the uterus.Fothergill's o; [Manchester, England]
Mann-Williamson o. an o. performed on experimental animals (dogs) in research on peptic ulcer, the duodenum with its alkaline secretions being transplanted into the ileum and the cut end of the jejunum anastomosed to the pylorus; the animals develop ulcers in the jejunum which directly receives the gastric juice.
Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz o. an o. for urinary stress incontinence, performed retropubically.
Mason o. gastric bypass
Matas' o. obsolete term for aneurysmoplasty.
Mayo's o. an o. for the radical cure of umbilical hernia; the neck of the sac is exposed by two elliptical incisions, the gut is returned to the abdomen, the sac and adherent omentum are cut away, and the fascial edges of the opening are overlapped with mattress sutures.
McIndoe o. o. for the development of a neovagina using a split thickness skin graft over a vaginal mold.
McVay's o. repair of inguinal and femoral hernias by suture of the transversus abdominis muscle and its associated fasciae (transversus layer) to the pectineal ligament.
mika o. the establishment of a permanent fistula in the bulbous portions of the urethra in order to render the man incapable of procreating; said to be a practice among certain Australian aborigines. [Australian native term]
Mikulicz' o. excision of bowel in two stages: 1) exteriorizing the diseased area, suturing efferent and afferent limbs together, and closing the abdomen around them, after which the diseased part is excised; 2) at a later time, cutting the spur with an enterotome and closing the stoma extraperitoneally.
Miles' o. combined abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma of the rectum.Miles resection;
minor o. a surgical procedure of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life.
morcellation o. vaginal hysterectomy in which the uterus is removed in multiple pieces after being split or partitioned.
Motais' o. transplantation of the middle third of the tendon of the superior rectus muscle of the eyeball into the upper lid, between the tarsus and skin, to supplement the action of the levator muscle in ptosis.
Mules' o. evisceration of the eyeball followed by the insertion within the sclera of a spherical prosthesis to support an artificial eye.
Mustard o. correction, at the atrial level, of hemodynamic abnormality due to transposition of the great arteries by an intraatrial baffle to direct pulmonary venous blood through the tricuspid orifice into the right ventricle and the systemic venous blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.Mustard procedure;
Naffziger o. orbital decompression for severe malignant exophthalmos by removal of the lateral and superior orbital walls.
Nissen's o. fundoplication
Norton's o. extraperitoneal cesarean section by a paravesical approach.
Norwood's o. in infants with subaortic stenosis and tricuspid atresia; the pulmonary artery is divided and both ends are attached to the aorta, the distal end via a prosthetic graft.
Ogston-Luc o. an o. for frontal sinus disease; a skin incision is made from the inner third of the edge of the orbit toward the root of the nose or outward; the periosteum is pushed upward and outward, and the sinus is opened on the outer side of the median line; then a wide opening is made by curetting the nasofrontal duct, interior of the sinus, and anterior ethmoid cells.
Ogura o. orbital decompression by removal of the floor of the orbit through an opening made in the supradental (canine) fossa.
Ombrédanne o. a technique whereby the mobilized testis is brought down into the scrotum and through the scrotal septum, to be affixed to the tissues in the contralateral scrotal pouch.transseptal orchiopexy;
Payne o. a jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity utilizing end-to-side anastomosis of the upper jejunum to the terminal ileum, with closure of the proximal end of the bypassed intestine.
plastic o. See plastic surgery.
Pólya's o. Pólya gastrectomy
Pomeroy's o. excision of a ligated portion of the fallopian tubes.
Porro o. cesarean hysterectomy
Potts' o. direct side-to-side anastomosis between aorta and pulmonary artery as a palliative procedure in congenital malformation of the heart.Potts' anastomosis;
pubovaginal o. operative procedure for urinary incontinence. A strip of tissue, usually autologous rectus abdominis fascia, is used to suspend or elevate bladder neck and posterior urethra toward pubic symphysis.
Putti-Platt o. a procedure for recurrent dislocation of shoulder joint.Putti-Platt procedure;
radical o. for hernia an o. by which the hernia is not only reduced, but the hernial defect is also repaired.
Ramstedt o. pyloromyotomy
Rastelli's o. an o. for transposition of the great arteries plus ventricular septal defect and LV outflow obstruction; employs an intraventricular tunnel repair and a rerouting valved extracardiac conduit.
Rastelli's o. for "anatomic" repair of transposition of the great arteries (ventriculoarterial discordance) with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; conduits are used to create left ventricular to aortic continuity and right ventricular to pulmonary artery continuity. All septal defects are obliterated as are any previously constructed palliative shunts.
Récamier's o. curettage of the uterus.
Ridell's o. removal of the entire anterior and inferior walls of the frontal sinus, for chronic inflammation of that cavity.
Roux-en-Y o. anastomosis of the distal end of the divided upper jejunum to the stomach, esophagus, biliary tract, or other structure and anastomosis of the proximal end to the side of the jejunum a little further distal.
Saenger's o. cesarean section followed by careful closure of the uterine wound by three tiers of sutures.
Schauta vaginal o. an extensive extirpation of the uterus and the adnexa, using the vaginal approach facilitated by Schuchardt's o.
Schönbein's o. the use of a flap of mucous membrane from the posterior wall of the pharynx to the soft palate closing off the flow of air from the nose to the mouth.
Schroeder's o. excision of diseased endocervical mucosa.
Schuchardt's o. a paravaginal rectal displacement incision, a surgical technique of making the upper vagina accessible for fistula closure or radical surgery via the vagina.
scleral buckling o. an o. performed in retinal detachment to indent the sclerochoroidal wall.
Scott o. a jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity utilizing end-to-end anastomosis of the upper jejunum to the terminal ileum, with the bypassed intestine closed proximally and anastomosed distally to the colon.
second-look o. exploratory celiotomy within a year after apparently curative resection of intra-abdominal cancer, in patients with no sign or symptom of recurrence, to resect an occult tumor if present.
Senning o. an atrial switch o. for patients with transposition of the great arteries that employs a septal flap instead of excising the atrial septum as in the Mustard o., thus minimizing foreign material and allowing for growth.
seton o. an o. for advanced glaucoma; passage of a tube or seton into the anterior chamber to act as a wick.
Shirodkar o. a cerclage procedure done by purse-string suturing of an incompetent cervical os with a nonabsorbent suture material.
Sistrunk o. excision of the thyroglossal cyst and duct including the midportion of the hyoid bone through, or near, which the duct traverses.
Smith-Boyce o. anatrophic nephrotomy
Smith-Indian o. a surgical technique for removal of cataract within the capsule.Smith's o;
Smith-Robinson o. interbody spinal fusion through an anterior cervical approach.
Smith's o. Smith-Indian o
Soave o. endorectal pull-through for treatment of congenital megacolon.
Spinelli o. an o. splitting the anterior wall of the prolapsed uterus and reversing the organ preliminary to reduction.
stapes mobilization o. now infrequently used o. involving fracture of tissue immobilizing the stapes to restore hearing; especially used in patients with otosclerosis.
Stoffel's o. division of certain motor nerves for the relief of spastic paralysis.
Stookey-Scarff o. See third ventriculostomy.
Sturmdorf's o. conical removal of the endocervix.
subcutaneous o. an o., as for the division of a tendon, performed without incising the skin other than by a minute opening made by the entering knife.
Syme's o. Syme's amputation
tagliacotian o. Italian rhinoplasty
talc o. an obsolete o. in which magnesium silicate (talc) powder is applied to the epicardium to create a sterile granulomatous pericarditis and thus promote pericardial anastomoses with the coronary circulation.poudrage (2);
TeLinde o. modified radical hysterectomy
Thiersch's o. the application of a partial thickness skin graft.Thiersch's graft o;
Thiersch's graft o. Thiersch's o
Torek o. a two-stage o. for bringing down an undescended testicle.
Trendelenburg's o. a pulmonary embolectomy.
Urban's o. extended radical mastectomy, including en bloc resection of internal mammary lymph nodes, part of the sternum, and costal cartilages.
Waters' o. an extraperitoneal cesarean section with a supravesical approach.
Waterston o. a surgically created anastomosis between the pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta to palliate adult tetralogy of Fallot.
Webster's o. Baldy's o
Weir's o. obsolete eponym for appendicostomy.
Wertheim's o. a radical o. for carcinoma of the uterus in which as much as possible of the vagina is excised and there is wide lymph node excision.
Wheelhouse's o. obsolete term for external urethrotomy.
Whipple's o. pancreatoduodenectomy
Whitehead's o. excision of hemorrhoids by two circular incisions above and below involved veins, allowing normal mucosa to be pulled down and sutured to anal skin.
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1. Relating to, or effected by means of an operation. 2. Active or effective.
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1. One who performs an operation or operates equipment. 2. In genetics, a sequence of DNA that interacts with a repressor of operon to control the expression of adjacent structural genes. See operator gene. 3. A symbol representing a mathematical operation. [L. worker, fr operor, to work]
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Relating to an operculum.
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Provided with a lid (operculum); denoting members of the mollusk class Gastropoda (the snails), subclass Prosobranchiata (operculate snails), and the eggs of certain parasitic worms such as the digenetic trematodes (except the schistosomes) and the broad fish tapeworm, Diphyllobotrium latum.
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Originating under an operculum. [operculum + G. -itis, inflammation]
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1. Anything resembling a lid or cover. 2. [NA] In anatomy, the portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes bordering the lateral sulcus and covering the insula. 3. Mucus sealing the endocervical canal of the uterus after conception has taken place. 4. In parasitology, the lid or caplike cover of the shell opening of operculated freshwater snails in the subclass Prosobranchiata, and of the eggs of certain trematode and cestode parasites. 5. The attached flap in the tear of retinal detachment. 6. The mucosal flap partially or completely covering an unerupted tooth. [L. cover or lid, fr. operio, pp. opertus, to cover]
o. il´ei ileal sphincter
occipital o. a portion of the occipital lobe of the brain demarcated by the simian fissure (sulcus lunatus cerebri) when present in humans.
trophoblastic o. the mushroom-shaped plug of fibrin that fills the aperture in the endometrium made by the implanting ovum.
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A genetic functional unit that controls production of a messenger RNA; it consists of an operator gene and two or more structural genes located in sequence in the cis position on one chromosome. [L. operor, to work, act, + -on]
Lac o. a collection of adjacent bacterial genes responsible for the entry and metabolism of lactose; contains the genes coding for three enzymes and is flanked by a repressor and a promoter region to control expression.
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A form of alopecia areata in which the loss of hair occurs in bands along the scalp margin partially or completely encircling the head. [G., fr. ophis, snake]
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The snakes, a suborder of the class Reptilia, including the families Colubridae, Crotalidae, Elapidae, Hydrophyidae, and Viperidae. [G. ophidion, dim. of ophis, a serpent]
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Poisoning by a snake.ophidism; [G. ophidion, dim. of ophis, a serpent]
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Morbid fear of snakes. [G. ophidion, a small snake, + phobos, fear]
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ophidiasis
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Dermatitis in the region of the eyebrows.ophryitis; [G. ophrys, eyebrow, + -itis, infammation]
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ophritis
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Related to the eyebrows. [Mod. L., fr. G. ophrys, eyebrow, + suffix -genes, arising from]
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The point on the midline of the forehead just above the glabella (1).supranasal point, supraorbital point; [G. ophrys, eyebrow]
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A family of ciliate protozoa occurring in the rumen and reticulum of ruminant animals, characterized by having cilia arranged in spiral membranelles around the mouth (adoral) and in some genera also in a dorsal (metoral) position. The most important genera are Entodinium, Diplodinium, Epidinium, and Ophryoscolex, which are thought to contribute to ruminant nutrition by converting cellulose in plant material ingested by the ruminant into readily digestible animal protein of their own bodies. [G. ophrys, eyebrow, + skolex, a worm]
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Spasmodic twitching of the upper portion of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle causing a wrinkling of the eyebrow. [G. ophrys, eyebrow, + -osis, condition]
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See ophthalmo-.
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oculodynia [ophthalmo- + G. algos, pain]
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1. Severe, often purulent, conjunctivitis. 2. Inflammation of the deeper structures of the eye. [G.]
catarrhal o. a mild form of conjunctivitis with mucopurulent secretion.
caterpillar-hair o. o. nodosa
o. eczemato´sa obsolete term for phlyctenular conjunctivitis.
Egyptian o. trachoma
gonorrheal o. acute purulent conjunctivitis excited by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.blennophthalmia (2), blennorrhea conjunctivalis, gonorrheal conjunctivitis;
granular o. trachoma
infectious o. infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis
metastatic o. 1. sympathetic o; 2. choroiditis in septicemia.
o. neonato´rum a conjunctival inflammation occurring within the first 10 days of life; causes include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Chlamydia trachomatis.blennorrhea neonatorum, infantile purulent conjunctivitis, neonatal conjunctivitis;
o. niva´lis ultraviolet keratoconjunctivitis
o. nodo´sa the presence of nodular swellings on the conjunctiva, due to penetration of ocular tissues by the hairs of caterpillars.caterpillar-hair o;
periodic o. an acute iridocyclitis of horses, involving one or both eyes; it subsides only to recur at intervals of varying length and usually ends in blindness; the cause is uncertain but some have associated it with leptospires; does not appear to be contagious.moon blindness;
phlyctenular o. phlyctenular conjunctivitis
purulent o. purulent conjunctivitis, usually of gonorrheal origin.
spring o. vernal conjunctivitis
sympathetic o. a serous or plastic uveitis caused by a perforating wound of the uvea followed by a similar severe reaction in the other eye that may lead to bilateral blindness.transferred o;
transferred o. sympathetic o
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Relating to the eye.ocular (1); [G. ophthalmikos]
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A tripeptide occurring in lens, similar to glutathione but differing in the replacement of cysteine by a-amino-n-butyric acid (i.e., in the replacement of -SH by -CH3); a potent inhibitor of glyoxalase. Cf. norophthalmic acid.
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Relationship to the eye. See also oculo-. [G. ophthalmos]
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An instrument to measure the blood pressure in the retinal vessels. [ophthalmo- + G. dynamis, power, + metron, measure]
Bailliart's o. an instrument used to measure the blood pressure of the central retinal artery; of value in diagnosing occlusion of the proximal carotid artery.
suction o. an o. with a suction disk which increases ocular pressure during ophthalmoscopic observation of the retinal artery.
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The measurement of blood pressure in the retinal vessels by means of an ophthalmodynamometer. [ophthalmo- + G. dynamis, power, + metron, measure]
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dacryolith [ophthalmo- + G. lithos, stone]
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A specialist in ophthalmology.oculist;
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The medical specialty concerned with the eye, its diseases, and refractive errors. [ophthalmo- + G. logos, study]
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Abnormal softening of the eyeball. [ophthalmo- + G. malakia, softness]
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Melanotic discoloration of the conjunctiva and adjoining tissues.
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keratometer [ophthalmo- + G. metron, measure]
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Any disease of the eye or its appendages caused by a fungus. [ophthalmo- + G. mykes, fungus, + -osis, condition]
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ocular myiasis
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Any disease of the eyes.oculopathy; [ophthalmo- + G. pathos, suffering]
endocrine o. Graves' o
external o. any disease of the conjunctiva, cornea, or adnexa of the eye.
Graves' o. exophthalmos caused by increased water content of retro-ocular orbital tissues; associated with thyroid disease, usually hyperthyroidism.endocrine o., Graves' orbitopathy;
internal o. any disease of the internal structures of the eyeball.
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Paralysis of one or more of the ocular muscles. [ophthalmo- + G. plege, stroke]
chronic progressive external o. (CPEO) a specific type of slowly worsening weakness of the ocular muscles, usually associated with a pigmentary retinopathy. See Kearns-Sayre syndrome, oculopharyngeal dystrophy.ocular myopathy;
exophthalmic o. o. with protrusion of the eyeballs due to increased water content of orbital tissues incidental to thyroid disorders, usually hyperthyroidism.
o. exter´na paralysis affecting one or more of the extrinsic eye muscles.external o;
external o. o. externa
fascicular o. o. due to a lesion within the brainstem.
fibrotic o. [MIM*135700] o. that may be congenital in association with blepharoptosis in and autosomal dominant disorder.
o. inter´na paralysis affecting only the sphincter muscle of the pupil and the ciliary muscle.internal o;
internal o. o. interna
o. internuclea´ris o. in lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, with failure of adduction in horizontal gaze but with retention of convergence.
nuclear o. o. due to a lesion of the nuclei of origin of the motor nerves of the eye.
orbital o. o. due to a lesion within the orbit.
Parinaud's o. Parinaud's syndrome
o. partia´lis incomplete o. involving only one or two of the extrinsic or intrinsic ocular muscles.
o. progressi´va progressive upper bulbar palsy, due to degeneration of the nuclei of the motor nerves of the eye.
o. tota´lis paralysis of both the extrinsic and intrinsic ocular muscles.
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Relating to or marked by ophthalmoplegia.
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A device for studying the interior of the eyeball through the pupil.funduscope; [ophthalmo- + G. skopeo, to examine]
binocular o. an o. that provides a stereoscopic view of the fundus.
demonstration o. an o. by which the fundus may be seen simultaneously by more than one observer.
direct o. an instrument designed to visualize the interior of the eye, with the instrument relatively close to the subject's eye and the observer viewing an upright magnified image.
indirect o. an instrument designed to visualize the interior of the eye, with the instrument at arm's length from the subject's eye and the observer viewing an inverted image through a convex lens located between the instrument and the subject's eye.
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Relating to examination of the interior of the eye.
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Examination of the fundus of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope.funduscopy;
direct o. o. performed with a direct ophthalmoscope.
indirect o. o. performed with an indirect ophthalmoscope.
o. with reflected light examination of that part of the fundus adjacent to an area illuminated by a sharply focused light.
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A model of the two eyes, to each of which are attached weighted cords pulling in the direction of the six extrinsic eye muscles; used to demonstrate the action of the ocular muscles singly or in various combinations. [ophthalmo- + G. tropos, a turning]
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Relating to the blood vessels of the eye.
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Vision. [G. ops, eye]
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noscapine
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meconin
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Any preparation or derivative of opium.
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A derivative of basic amino acids, produced by crown-gall tumors in plants.
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Originally, a term denoting synthetic narcotics resembling opiates but increasingly used to refer to both opiates and synthetic narcotics.
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A linear polypeptide of the pituitary gland that contains in its sequence the sequences of endorphins, MSH, ACTH, and the like, which are split off enzymically; the nucleotide sequences coding has been determined for several species.
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4-[3-(5H-Dibenz[b.f ]azepin-5-yl)propyl]-1-piperazineethanol dihydrochloride; an antidepressant agent.
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Dorsum of the hand. [G. back of the hand, from opisthen, behind, + thenar, palm of the hand]
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Relating to both opisthion and basion; denoting a line connecting the two, or the distance between them.
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The middle point on the posterior margin of the foramen magnum, opposite the basion. [G. opisthios, posterior]
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Relating to the opisthion and the nasion; denoting the distance between the two points.
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Backward, behind, dorsal. [G. opisthen, at the rear, behind]
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Recession of the lips. [opistho- + G. cheilos, lip]
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Term now used instead of herpetomonad for the stage of development of certain insect and plant parasitizing flagellates to avoid confusion between the stage and the genus Herpetomonas. In this stage the flagellum arises from the kinetoplast located behind the nucleus and emerges from the anterior end of the organism; an undulating membrane is absent. [opistho- + G. mastix, whip]
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Involuntary backward gait; frequently connected with parkinsonism. [opistho- + G. poreia, a walking, fr. poreuo, to go, walk]
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Infection with the Asiatic liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, or other opisthorchids.
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Common name for members of the family Opisthorchiidae.
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A family of trematodes that includes the genera Opisthorchis and Clonorchis.
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Genus of digenetic trematodes (family Opisthorchiidae) found in the bile ducts or gallbladder of fish-eating mammals, birds, and fish. [opistho- + G. orchis, testis]
O. felin´eus the cat liver fluke, a species frequently found as a parasite of man in Eastern Europe, Siberia, India, Japan, and Southeast Asia; adults are lancet-shaped, thin, relatively transparent, and hermaphroditic, with sizes ranging from 7 to 12 by 2 to 3 mm; ingested eggs hatch in Bithynia snails, and cercariae encyst on various species of freshwater fish; man acquires the infection by ingesting raw or inadequately cooked fish; the parasites sometimes cause no evidence of disease, but cholangitis, biliary cirrhosis, and chronic pancreatitis may occur.
O. sinen´sis Clonorchis sinensis
O. viverri´ni a species closely related to O. felineus, very common in man in Thailand; causes opisthorchiasis.
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Behind the ear. [opistho- + G. ous (ot-), ear]
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Relating to or characterized by opisthotonos.
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Resembling opisthotonos.
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A tetanic spasm in which the spine and extremities are bent with convexity forward, the body resting on the head and the heels.tetanus dorsalis, tetanus posticus; [opistho- + G. tonos, tension, stretching]
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John M., U.S. pediatrician, *1935. See Smith-Lemli-O. syndrome.
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The air-dried milky exudation obtained by incising the unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum (family Papveraceae) or its variety, P. album. Contains some 20 alkaloids, including morphine, 9 to 16%; noscapine, 4 to 8%; codeine, 0.8 to 2.5%; papaverine, 0.5 to 2.5%; and thebaine, 0.5 to 2%. Used as an analgesic, hypnotic, and diaphoretic, and in diarrhea and spasmodic conditions.gum opium, meconium (2); [L. fr. G. opion, poppy-juice]
Boston o. o. so diluted after importation as barely to meet the official requirements.pudding o;
deodorized o. , denarcotized o. powdered o. treated with purified petroleum benzine which removes certain nauseating and odorous constituents.
granulated o. o. dried and reduced to a coarse powder; it contains 10 to 10.5% anhydrous morphine.
powdered o. dried and finely powdered o. containing 10% morphine.
pudding o. Boston o
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The face; an eye. See also fascio-. 2. Juice, balm. [G. ops]
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balm of Gilead [G. opobalsamon, the juice of the balsam tree, fr. opos, juice, + balsamon]
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Conjoined twins with a single body having two heads fused at the back with partially separated facial regions. See conjoined twins, under twin. [G. ops, eye, face, + didymos, twin]
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Hermann, Berlin neurologist, 1858-1919. See O.'s disease, reflex, syndrome; Ziehen-O. disease.
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Obstruction or closing of the pores. [L. oppilatio, fr. op-pilo (obp-), pp. -atus, to stop up, fr. pilo, to ram down]
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Obstructive to any secretion.
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A name given to several muscles of the fingers or toes, by the action of which these digits are opposed to the others. The opponens muscles of the hands act at the carpometacarpal joints, cupping the palm; this enables flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints to oppose the thumb to the small finger or vice versa. Although comparable muscles in the foot are called "opponens" no opposition occurs in the foot. [L. op-pono (obp-), pres. p. -ens, to place against, oppose]
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1. Denoting an organism capable of causing disease only in a host whose resistance is lowered, e.g., by other diseases or by drugs. 2. Denoting a disease caused by such an organism.
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Bringing together of tissue during suturing.
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The protein portion of the rhodopsin molecule; at least three separate o.'s are located in cone cells.
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A substance that stimulates the formation of opsonin, such as the antigen contained in a suspension of bacteria used for immunization.opsogen; [opsonin + -gen]
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A more rapid excretion of urine during fasting than after a full meal. [G. opsi, late, + ouron, urine]
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Rapid, irregular, nonrhythmic movements of the eye in horizontal and vertical directions. [G. ops, opos, eye, + klonos, confused motion]
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opsinogen
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A longing for a particular article of diet, or for highly seasoned food. [G. opson, seasoning, + mania, frenzy]
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Relating to opsonins or to their utilization.
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A substance that binds to antigens, enhancing phagocytosis (e.g., C3b of the complement system). [G. opson, boiled meat, provisions, fr. hepso, to boil, + -in]
common o. normal o
immune o. specific o
normal o. that normally present in the blood, i.e., without stimulation by a known, specific antigen such as certain complement components; it is relatively thermolabile and reacts with various organisms.common o., thermolabile o;
specific o. antibodies formed in response to stimulation by a specific antigen, either as a result of an attack of a disease, or injections with a suitably prepared suspension of the specific microorganism.immune o., thermostable o;
thermolabile o. normal o
thermostable o. specific o
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The process by which bacteria are altered in such a manner that they are more readily and more efficiently engulfed by phagocytes.
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Pertaining to the increased efficiency of phagocytic activity of the leukocytes in blood that contains specific opsonin. [opsonin + G. kytos, a hollow (cell), + phago, to eat]
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Determination of the opsonic index or the opsonocytophagic activity.
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The condition in which bacteria readily unite with opsonins, thereby sensitizing them for more effective phagocytosis. [opsonin + G. phileo, to love]
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Pertaining to, characterized by, or resulting in opsonophilia.
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Relating to the eye, vision, or optics. [G. optikos]
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One who practices opticianry.
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The professional practice of filling prescriptions for ophthalmic lenses, dispensing spectacles, and making and fitting contact lenses.
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See opto-.
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Relating to the optic and ciliary nerves.
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Relating to the optic nerve and the pupil.
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The science concerned with the properties of light, its refraction and absorption, and the refracting media of the eye in that relation. [G. optikos, fr. ops, eye]
Nomarski o. an optical system for differential interference contrast microscopy.
schlieren o. an optical system, often used in diffusion and centrifugation studies, which observes the refractive index gradient in solutions containing macromolecules.
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The tendency to look on the bright side of everything, to believe that there is good in everything. [L. optimus, best]
therapeutic o. a belief in the efficacy of drugs and other therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases.
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The best or most suitable; e.g., denoting the dose of a remedy likely to give most benefit with fewest side effects, the temperature or pH at which an enzyme has maximal activity. [L. ntr. sing. of optimus, best]
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Optical; optic; ocular. [G. optikos, optical, from ops, eye]
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See optokinetic nystagmus. [opto- + G. kinesis, movement]
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retina [opto- + G. meninx, membrane]
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An instrument for determining the refraction of the eye. [opto- + G. metron, measure]
objective o. refractometer
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One who practices optometry.
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1. The profession concerned with the examination of the eyes and related structures to determine the presence of vision problems and eye disorders, and with the prescription and adaptation of lenses and other optical aids or the use of visual training for maximum visual efficiency. 2. The use of an optometer.
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An instrument for determining the relative power of the extrinsic muscles of the eye. [opto- + G. mys, muscle, + metron, measure]
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Test letters. See test types. [opto- + G. typos, type]
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Abbreviation for oral poliovirus vaccine. See poliovirus vaccines, under vaccine.
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An edge or a margin. [L.]
o. serra´ta [NA] the serrated extremity of the optic part of the retina, located a little behind the ciliary body and marking the limits of the percipient portion of the membrane.
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Plural of L. os, the mouth. [L.]
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1. In a direction toward the mouth. 2. Situated nearer the mouth in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of aborad. [L. os, mouth, + ad, to]
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Relating to the mouth. [L. os (or-), mouth]
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A point at the lingual side of the alveolar termination of the premaxillary suture. [Mod. L. punctum orale, oral point, fr. L. os (or-), mouth]
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An index used in epidemiological studies of dental disease, to evaluate dental plaque and dental calculus separately.
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In freudian psychology, a term used to denote the psychic organization derived from, and characteristic of, the oral period of psychosexual development.
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S., 20th century English cardiologist. See Holt-O. syndrome.
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1. The fruit of the orange tree, Citrus aurantium (family Rutaceae). 2. A color between yellow and red in the spectrum. For individual orange dyes, see specific name. [O.F. orenge, fr. Ar. naranj, the initial n being absorbed in Fr. article une]
bitter o. peel the dried rind of the unripe but fully grown fruit; a flavoring agent.
bitter o. peel, dried the dried outer part of the pericarp of the ripe, or nearly ripe, fruit; it contains not less than 2.5% v/w of volatile oil.
bitter o. peel, fresh the outer part of the pericarp of the ripe, or nearly ripe, fruit; used to prepare the tincture and the syrup.
bitter o. peel oil a volatile oil obtained by expression from the fresh peel of the bitter o.
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An azo dye, C16H10N2O7S2Na2, used as a cytoplasmic stain in histologic techniques.
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A soft wood used in dentistry for placement of bridges, crowns, etc. by biting pressure, also used as a burnishing point in the polishing of root surfaces.
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Leon A., Russian physiologist, 1882-1958. See O. effect.
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Similar in form to an orb; circular in form. [L. orbiculus, a small disk, dim. of orbis, circle]
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lenticular process of incus [L., fr. orbiculus, a small disk]
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1. Circular; denoting a circular or disk-shaped structure. 2. orbicularis muscle [L. fr. orbiculus, a small disk]
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The darkly pigmented posterior zone of the ciliary body continuous with the retina at the ora serrata.ciliary disk, ciliary ring, pars plana; [Mod. L.]
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The bony cavity containing the eyeball and its adnexa; it is formed of parts of seven bones: the frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, lacrimal, zygomatic, ethmoid, and palatine bones.orbita [NA], eye socket, orbital cavity;
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orbit [L. a wheel-track, fr. orbis, circle]
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Relating to the orbits.
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In cephalometrics, the lowermost point in the lower margin of the bony orbit that may be felt under the skin. [L. of an orbit]
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Radiographic evaluation of the orbit. [L. orbita, orbit, + G. grapho, to write]
positive contrast o. o. with injection of a water soluble iodinated compound into the muscle cone or along the orbital floor.
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Relating to the orbit and the nose or nasal cavity.
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An instrument that measures the resistance offered to pressing the eyeball backwards into its socket. [L. orbita, orbit, + G. metron, measure]
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Measurement by means of the orbitonometer.
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Unequal conjoined twins in which the parasite, usually very imperfectly developed, is attached at an orbit of the autosite. See conjoined twins, under twin.teratoma orbitae; [L. orbita, orbit, + G. pagos, something fixed]
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disease of the orbit and its contents.
Graves' orbitopathy Graves' ophthalmopathy
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Relating to the orbit and the sphenoid bone.
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Surgical incision into the orbit. [L. orbita, orbit, + tome, a cutting]
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A genus of viruses of vertebrates (family Reoviridae) that multiply in insects, including certain viruses formerly included with the arboviruses. They are antigenically distinct from other groups of viruses and are characterized by an indistinct but rather large outer layer of capsomeres which give the appearance of rings (hence the name). The genus includes, among others, Colorado tick fever virus of man, bluetongue virus of sheep, and African horse sickness virus. [L. orbis, ring, + virus]
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A natural dye derived from orcinol by treatment with air and ammonia, which as a purple dye complex is used in various histologic staining methods.
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orchiectomy
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archil
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See orchio-.
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The testes. [G. orchis, testis]
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Pain in the testis.orchiodynia, orchioneuralgia, testalgia; [orchi- + G. algos, pain]
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Involuntary rising and falling movements of the testis. [orchi- + G. choreia, a dance]
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orchiectomy
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Relating to the testis.
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orchitis
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See orchi-.
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1. A caliper device used to measure the size of testes. 2. A set of sized models of testes for comparison of testicular development. [orchido- + G. metron, measure]
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Ptosis of the male gonads. [orchido- + G. ptosis, a falling]
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orchiopexy
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Removal of one or both testes.orchectomy, orchidectomy, testectomy; [orchi- + G. ektome, excision]
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Inflammation of the testis and epididymis. [orchi- + epididymis, + G. -itis, inflammation]
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archil
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See orchi-.
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A testis retained in the inguinal canal. [orchio- + G. kele, hernia, tumor]
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An old term for any Gram-negative diplococcus that resembles the gonococcus but is more easily cultivated on ordinary media; it is sometimes found in vaginal secretions. Such bacteria are now classified as species of Neisseria, along with N. gonorrhoeae. [orchio- + G. kokkos, berry (coccus)]
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orchialgia [orchi- + G. odyne, pain]
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A neoplasm of the testis. [orchio- + G. onkos, bulk, mass]
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orchialgia [orchio- + G. neuron, nerve, + algos, pain]
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Disease of a testis. [orchio- + G. pathos, suffering]
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Surgical treatment of an undescended testicle by freeing it and implanting it into the scrotum.cryptorchidopexy, orchidorraphy, orchiorrhaphy; [orchio- + G. pexis, fixation]
transseptal o. Ombrédanne operation
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Surgical reconstruction of the testis. [orchio- + G. plastos, formed]
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orchiopexy [orchio- + G. rhaphe, a suture]
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Treatment with testicular extracts.
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Incision into a testis.orchotomy; [orchio- + G. tome, incision]
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testis [G. testis, an orchid]
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Denoting orchitis.
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Inflammation of the testis.orchiditis, testitis; [orchi- + G. -itis, inflammation]
o. parotid´ea o. associated with mumps.
traumatic o. simple inflammation of the testis caused by mechanical injury.
o. variolo´sa o. complicating smallpox.
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orchiotomy
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orcinol
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3,5-dihydroxytoluene;the parent substance of the natural dye orcein, obtained from certain colorless lichens (Lecanora tinctoria, Rocella tinctoria) by treatment with boiling water; used as an external antiseptic in various skin diseases and in chemistry as a reagent for pentoses.5-methylresorcinol, orcin;
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metaproterenol sulfate
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Abbreviation for optical rotatory dispersion.
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Symbol for orotidine.
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physostigma
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1. In biological classification, the division just below the class (or subclass) and above the family. 2. In a reaction, o. is the sum of the exponents of all the concentration terms in that reaction's rate expression. For example, for the natural decomposition of nitrogen pentoxide, the rate expression is v = -d[N2O5]/dt = k1[N2O5]. Thus, this is a first-order reaction. A reaction involving two different compounds is often a second-order reaction (but not necessarily so). Pseudo-first-order reactions are multi-order reactions in which one of the reactants is in substoichiometric amounts. Cf. molecularity. [L. ordo, regular arrangement]
pecking o. in some species of birds and primates the establishment of a graded dominance in members of a group by the use of aggression.
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ordered mechanism
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An attendant in a hospital unit who assists in the care of patients.
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In a plane cartesian coordinate system, the vertical axis (y). Cf. abscissa.
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Pertaining to or characterized by orexia.
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1. The affective and conative aspects of an act, in contrast to the cognitive aspect. 2. appetite [G. orexis, appetite]
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Appetite-stimulating.
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A specific disease of sheep and goats, caused by the orf virus. This virus is transmissible to man and characterized by vesiculation and ulceration of the infected site.contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth, soremouth; [O.E. orfcwealm, murrain, fr. orf, cattle, + cwealm, destruction]
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Any part of the body exercising a specific function, as of respiration, secretion, digestion.organum [NA], organon; [L. organum, fr. G. organon, a tool, instrument]
accessory o.'s 1. supernumerary o.'s 2. accessory o.'s of the eye
accessory o.'s of the eye the eyelids, with lashes and eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctival sac, and extrinsic muscles of the eyeball.organa oculi accessoria [NA], accessory o.'s (2), accessory visual apparatus, adnexa oculi, appendages of eye;
annulospiral o. annulospiral ending
auditory o. archaic term for gustatory o.
Chievitz' o. a normal epithelial structure, possibly a neurotransmitter, found at the angle of the mandible with branches of the buccal nerve.
circumventricular o.'s four small areas in or near the base of the brain that have fenestrated capillaries and are outside the blood-brain barrier. They are neurohypophysis, area postrema, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and subfornical organ (SFO). The neurohypophysis is a neurohemal organ. The other three are chemoreceptors: area postrema triggers vomiting in response to chemical changes in plasma, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis senses osmolality and alters vasopressin secretion and SFO initiates drinking in response to angiotensin II.
Corti's o. spiral o
critical o. the o. or physiologic system that for a given source of radiation would first reach its legally defined maximum permissible radiation exposure as the dose of radiopharmaceutical is increased; e.g., the kidney is the critical o. when 197Hg-chlormerodrin is given.
enamel o. a circumscribed mass of ectodermal cells budded off from the dental lamina; it becomes cup-shaped and develops on its internal face the ameloblast layer of cells that produce the enamel cap of a developing tooth.
end o. the special structure containing the terminal of a nerve fiber in peripheral tissue such as muscle, tissue, skin, mucous membrane, or glands. See also ending.
external female genital o.'s the external feminine genital o.'s, the vulva and clitoris.organa genitalia feminina externa;
external male genital o.'s the external masculine genital o.'s, the penis and scrotum.organa genitalia masculina externa;
floating o. wandering o
flower-spray o. of Ruffini flower-spray ending
genital o.'s the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal.organa genitalia [NA], genitalia, genitals;
Golgi tendon o. a proprioceptive sensory nerve ending embedded among the fibers of a tendon, often near the musculotendinous junction; it is compressed and activated by any increase of the tendon's tension, caused either by active contraction or passive stretch of the corresponding muscle.neurotendinous o., neurotendinous spindle;
gustatory o. located in the papillae of the mucous membrane of the tongue, chiefly in the vallate papillae.organum gustus [NA], o. of taste;
o. of hearing cochlear labyrinth
internal female genital o.'s the internal feminine genital organs, the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.organa genitalia feminina interna;
internal male genital o.'s the internal masculine genital organs, the testes, epididymides, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.organa genitalia masculina interna;
intromittent o. penis
Jacobson's o. vomeronasal o
lateral line sense o. a structure in fish consisting of a long groove or canal extending along each side of the trunk and tail and branching in the head region; the groove or tube is lined with neuroepithelial cells, some of which are in groups known as neuromasts; its function appears to be the detection of vibrations of low frequency.neuromast o;
neurohemal o.'s brain areas from which substances enter blood e.g., the neurohypophysis from which oxytocin and vasopressin enter blood.
neuromast o. lateral line sense o
neurotendinous o. Golgi tendon o
olfactory o. the olfactory region in the superior portion of the nasal cavity.organum olfactus [NA], o. of smell;
ptotic o. wandering o
o. of Rosenmüller epoöphoron
sense o.'s the organs of special sense, including the eye, ear, olfactory organ, taste organs, and the accessory structures associated with these organs.organa sensuum [NA];
o. of smell olfactory o
spiral o. a prominent ridge of highly specialized epithelium in the floor of the cochlear duct overlying the basilar membrane of cochlea, containing one inner row and three outer rows of hair cells, or cells of Corti (the auditory receptor cells innervated by the cochlear nerve) supported by various columnar cells: the pillars of Corti, cells of Hensen, and cells of Claudius; the spiral o. is partly overhung by an awning-like shelf, the tectorial membrane, the free marginal zone of which is covered by a gelatinous substance in which the stereocilia of the outer hair cells are embedded.organum spirale [NA], acoustic papilla, Corti's o;
subcommissural o. a microscopic organ, made up of columnar ciliated ependymal cells, located in the cerebral aqueduct beneath the posterior commissure of the brain; it is believed to have a neurosecretory function.
subfornical o. (SFO) the intercolumnar tubercle. One of the circumventricular o.'s. SFO has fenestrated capillaries and is outside the blood-brain barrier. It is thought to be a chemoreceptor zone involving in cardiovascular regulation.
supernumerary o.'s o.'s exceeding the normal number, which may develop from multiple foci of organization in an organ-formative field larger (originally) than that of the definitive main o.; such o.'s are aberrant but frequently not a cause of disease; illness may persist if they are left in the body after therapeutic removal of the main o., e.g., accessory spleen.accessory o.'s (1);
tactile o. o. of touch
target o. a tissue or o. upon which a hormone exerts its action; generally, a tissue or organ with appropriate receptors for a hormone.target (3);
o. of taste gustatory o
o. of touch any one of the sensory end o.'s.organum tactus, tactile o;
urinary o.'s organs involved with the formation, storage, and excretion of urine.organa urinaria [NA];
vestibular o. collective term for the utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts of the membranous labyrinth, each having a single patch of ciliated receptor epithelium innervated by the vestibular nerve: macula of sacculus, macula of utriculus, and cristae of the semicircular ducts.
vestibulocochlear o. the external, middle, and internal ear.organum vestibulocochleare [NA];
vestigial o. a rudimentary structure in humans corresponding to a functional structure or o. in the lower animals.
o. of vision visual o
visual o. the eye and its adnexa.organum visus [NA], o. of vision;
vomeronasal o. a fine vestigal horizontal canal, ending in a blind pouch, in the mucous membrane of the nasal septum, beginning just behind and above the incisive duct; a structure which usually regresses after the 6th month of gestation. In many lower animals if functions as an accessory olfactory organ.organum vomeronasale [NA], Jacobson's o;
wandering o. an o. with loose attachments, permitting its displacement.floating o., ptotic o;
Weber's o. prostatic utricle
o.'s of Zuckerkandl para-aortic bodies, under body
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Plural of organum.
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One of the specialized parts of a protozoan or tissue cell; these subcellular units include mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, nucleus and centrioles, granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, microsomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane, and certain fibrils, as well as plastids of plant cells.cell o., organoid (3); [G. organon, organ, + Fr. -elle, dim. suffix, fr. L. -ella]
cell o. organelle
paired o.'s rhoptry
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1. Relating to an organ. 2. Relating to or formed by an organism. 3. Organized; structural. 4. See organic compound. [G. organikos]
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A theory that attributes all diseases, in particular, all mental disorders, as organic in origin.
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One who believes in, or subscribes to the views of, organicism.
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iodinated glycerol
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Any living individual, whether plant or animal, considered as a whole.
calculated mean o. (CMO) a hypothetical o. whose characters are the means of both the positive and negative characters of the o.'s which belong to the same taxon as the CMO, as opposed to the hypothetical mean. o.
defective o. auxotrophic mutant
fastidious o. a bacterial organism having complex nutritional requirements.
hypothetical mean o. (HMO) a hypothetical o. whose characters are the means of the positive characters of the organisms which belong to the same taxon as the HMO, as opposed to the calculated mean o.
pleuropneumonia-like o.'s (PPLO) the original name given to a group of bacteria which did not possess cell walls; these o.'s, isolated from man and other animals, soil, and sewage, are now assigned to the order Mycoplasmatales.
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1. An arrangement of distinct but mutually dependent parts. 2. The conversion of coagulated blood, exudate, or dead tissue into fibrous tissue.
preferred provider o. (PPO) a health care delivery model which uses a panel of eligible physicians.
pregenital o. in psychoanalysis, the o. or arrangement of the libido in the stages prior to that of genital primacy.
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To provide with, or to assume, a structure.
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1. Originally applied to a group of cells on the dorsal lip of the blastopore, which induce differentiation of cells in the embryo and control growth and development of adjacent parts. 2. Any group of cells having such a controlling influence, the effects being brought about through the action of an evocator.
nucleolar o. the region of the satellites on the acrocentric chromosomes that is active in nucleolus formation.nucleolar zone, nucleolus o;
nucleolus o. nucleolar o
primary o. the o. situated on the dorsal lip of the blastopore.
procentriole o. deuterosome
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Organ; organic. [G. organon]
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Rotation around the long axis of the organ; a type of gastric volvulus.
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Relating to an organic compound containing iron.
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A hydrogel with an organic liquid instead of water as the dispersion means.
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Formation of organs during development.organogeny; [organo- + G. genesis, origin]
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Relating to organogenesis.
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organogenesis
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A treatise on, or description of, the organs of the body. [organo- + G. graphe, a writing]
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1. Resembling in superficial appearance or in structure any of the organs or glands of the body. 2. Composed of glandular or organic elements, and not of a single tissue; pertaining to certain neoplasms (e.g., an adenoma) that contain cytologic and histologic elements arranged in a pattern that closely resembles or is virtually identical to a normal organ. See also histoid. 3. organelle [organo- + G. eidos, resemblance]
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1. Stimulating any of the organs of sensation. 2. Susceptible to a sensory stimulus. [organo- + G. leptikos, disposed to accept]
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Branch of science concerned with the anatomy, physiology, development, and functions of the various organs. [organo- + G. logos, study]
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Obsolete term for a neoplasm that contains cytologic and histologic elements in such an arrangement that specific types of tissue, e.g., thyroid glands, intestinal mucosa, ovarian stroma and follicles, may be identified in various parts. See also teratoma. [organo- + G. -oma, tumor]
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visceromegaly
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Any organic mercurial compound; e.g., merbromin, thimerosal.
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Denoting an organic compound containing one or more metallic atoms in its structure.
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organ [G. organ]
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The body of laws regulating the life processes of organized beings. [organo- + G. nomos, law]
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The nomenclature of the organs of the body, as distinguished from toponymy. [organo- + G. onyma, name]
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Any disease especially affecting one of the organs of the body. [organo- + G. pathos, suffering]
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Fixation by suture or otherwise of a floating or ptotic organ. [organo- + G. pexis, fixation]
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Pertaining to organophilicity.
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Attraction of nonpolar substances (organic molecules) to each other.
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A series of phosphorus-containing organic compounds usually also containing a halide ion which reacts with cholinesterase. Organophosphates phosphorylate cholinesterase and thus irreversibly inhibit it. Used as insecticides; have also been used as war gases.
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A hydrosol with an organic liquid instead of water as the dispersion means.
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The tendency to migrate to a certain organ selectively. [organo- + G. taxis, orderly arrangement]
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Treatment of disease by preparations made from animal organs; now frequently by synthetic preparations instead of extracts of a gland.
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1. Pertaining to the nourishment of an organ. 2. Pertaining to a microorganism that uses organic sources as a reducing power. [organo- + G. trophe, nourishment]
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Pertaining to or characterized by organotropism.
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The special affinity of particular drugs, pathogens, or metastatic tumors for particular organs or their component parts. Cf. parasitotropism. organotropy; [organo- + G. trope, a turning]
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organotropism
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Denoting or pertaining to a serum produced by the injection of the cells of a certain organ or tissue that, when injected into another animal, destroys the cells of the corresponding organ.
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organ, organ [L. tool, instrument]
o. audi´tus archaic term for vestibulocochlear organ.
or´gana genita´lia [NA] genital organs, under organ
organa genita´lia femini´na exter´na external female genital organs, under organ
organa genita´lia femini´na inter´na internal female genital organs, under organ
organa genita´lia masculi´na exter´na external male genital organs, under organ
organa genita´lia masculi´na inter´na internal male genital organs, under organ
o. gus´tus [NA] gustatory organ
or´gana oc´uli accesso´ria [NA] accessory organs of the eye, under organ
o. olfac´tus [NA] olfactory organ
or´gana sen´suum [NA] sense organs, under organ
o. spira´le [NA] spiral organ
o. tac´tus organ of touch
or´gana urina´ria [NA] urinary organs, under organ
o. vestibulocochlea´re [NA] vestibulocochlear organ
o. vi´sus [NA] visual organ
o. vomeronasa´le [NA] vomeronasal organ
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The acme of the sexual act.climax (2); [G. orgao, to swell, be excited]
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Relating to, characteristic of, or tending to produce an orgasm.
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1. The recognition of one's temporal, spatial, and personal relationships and environment. 2. The relative position of an atom with respect to one to which it is connected, i.e., the direction of the bond connecting them. [Fr. orienter, to set toward the East, therefore in a definite position]
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cycloserine
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Any aperture or opening.orificium [NA]; [L. orificium]
anal o. anus
aortic o. the opening from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta; it is guarded by the aortic valve.ostium aortae [NA], aortic ostium;
cardiac o. the trumpet-shaped opening of the esophagus into the stomach.ostium cardiacum [NA], cardiac opening, esophagogastric o;
esophagogastric o. cardiac o
o. of external acoustic meatus opening of external acoustic meatus
external urethral o. 1. the slitlike opening of the urethra in the glans penis; 2. the external orifice of the urethra (in the female) in the vestibule, usually upon a slight elevation, the papilla urethrae.ostium urethrae externum [NA], external opening of urethra, meatus urinarius, orificium urethrae externum;
gastroduodenal o. pyloric o
golf-hole ureteral o. a retracted funnel-shaped condition of the ureteral o. in the wall of the bladder, due often to tuberculosis or a secondary sclerosis of the ureter.
ileocecal o. the opening of the terminal ileum into the large intestine at the transition between the cecum and the ascending colon.ostium ileocecale [NA], ileocecal opening;
o. of inferior vena cava opening of inferior vena cava
o. of internal acoustic meatus opening of internal acoustic meatus
internal urethral o. the internal opening or orifice of the urethra, at the anterior and inferior angle of the trigone.ostium urethrae internum [NA], internal urethral opening;
mitral o. an atrioventricular opening which leads from the left atrium into the left ventricle of the heart.ostium atrioventriculare sinistrum [NA], ostium arteriosum;
pulmonary o. opening of pulmonary trunk
pyloric o. the opening between the stomach and the superior part of the duodenum.ostium pyloricum [NA], gastroduodenal o;
root canal o. an opening in the pulp chamber leading to the root canal.
o. of superior vena cava opening of superior vena cava
tricuspid o. an atrioventricular opening which leads from the right atrium into the right ventricle of the heart.ostium atrioventriculare dextrum [NA], ostium venosum cordis;
ureteric o. the opening of the ureter in the bladder, situated one at each lateral angle of the trigone; wide gaping of the o. usually indicates vesicoureteral reflux.ostium ureteris [NA], orificium ureteris, ureteral meatus, ureteral opening;
vaginal o. the narrowest portion of the canal, in the floor of the vestibule posterior to the urethral orifice.ostium vaginae [NA], orificium vaginae, vaginal opening;
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Relating to an orifice of any kind.
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orifice, orifice [L.]
o. exter´num u´teri external os of uterus
o. inter´num u´teri isthmus of uterus
o. ure´teris ureteric orifice
o. ure´thrae exter´num external urethral orifice
o. vagi´nae vaginal orifice
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The volatile oil (which contains carvacrol) obtained from various species of Origanum (family Labiatae); used as a rubefacient, as a constituent in veterinary liniments, and in microscopic techniques.
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1. The less movable of the two points of attachment of a muscle, that which is attached to the more fixed part of the skeleton. 2. The starting point of a cranial or spinal nerve. The former have two o.'s: the ental o. , deep o. , or real o. , the cell group in the brain or medulla, whence the fibers of the nerve begin, and the ectal o. , superficial o. , or apparent o. , the point where the nerve emerges from the brain. [L. origo, source, beginning, fr. orior, to rise]
o. of replication a sequence of the bacterial genome required for the initiating of a replicating fork by leading strand synthesis.
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ipomea
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John K., U.S. urologist, *1886. See O.'s disease.
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Symbol for ornithine or its radical.
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A term that refers to the patterning of the scutum (gray or white markings on a dark background) in ixodid ticks. [L. ornatus, decorated]
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Dean, U.S. physician, *1953. See O. reversal diet.
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NH2(CH2)3CH(NH2)COOH; 2,5-Diaminovaleric acid;the l-isomer is the amino acid formed when l-arginine is hydrolyzed by arginase; not a constituent of proteins, but an important intermediate in the urea cycle; elevated levels seen in certain defects of the urea cycle.
o. acetyltransferase glutamate acetyltransferase
o. delta-aminotransferase an enzyme that will reversibly catalyze the reaction of a-ketoglutarate and l-o. to form l-glutamate and l-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde; a deficiency of this enzyme will result in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina.o. transaminase;
o. carbamoyltransferase an enzyme catalyzing formation of l-citrulline and orthophosphate from l-o. and carbamoyl phosphate; a part of the urea cycle; a deficiency of this enzyme will result in ammonia intoxication and impaired urea formation.o. transcarbamoylase;
o. decarboxylase an enzyme catalyzing the decarboxylation of l-o. to putrescine and CO2; first step in polyamine biosynthesis.
o. transaminase o. delta-aminotransferase
o. transcarbamoylase o. carbamoyltransferase
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A toxic condition occasionally producing localized cerebral swelling, caused by abnormal amounts of ammonia in the blood. [ornithine + G. haima, blood]
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Excretion of excessive amounts of ornithine in the urine.
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A genus of soft ticks (family Argasidae) several species of which are vectors of pathogens of various relapsing fevers. They are characterized by a capitulum hidden below the hood and by disks and mamillae of the integument that are continuous from dorsal to ventral surfaces in a variety of patterns. [G. ornis (ornith-), bird, + doros, a leather bag]
O. coria´ceus a species common in the mountainous coastal areas of California; adults readily attack deer, cattle, and humans, and have an irritating, painful, sometimes toxic bite. Transmits epizootic bovine abortion to cattle.pajaroello;
O. errat´icus a species the small variety of which is the vector of Borrelia crocidurae in Africa, the Near East, and central Asia; the large variety is the vector of B. hispanica in the Spanish peninsula and adjacent north Africa.
O. herm´si a species that is a rodent parasite and vector of relapsing fever spirochetes, such as Borrelia hermsii, in the western U.S. and Canada.
O. lahoren´sis a species that possibly transmits Borrelia persica, the agent of Persian relapsing fever.
O. mouba´ta complex a group of four species in Africa; the taxonomy and ecology of this complex is of great significance because its members are vectors of relapsing fever spirochetes; members of the complex include O. moubata (various hosts), O. compactus (tortoises), O. apertus (porcupines), and O. porcinus (warthogs); a domestic subspecies of O. porcinus, in turn, forms three strains that feed chiefly on humans, fowl, and swine.
O. pappil´ipes the "Persian bug," a species found in the former USSR and the Near East that transmits Borrelia persica, the pathogen in Iran of Persian relapsing fever.
O. par´keri a species found in the western U.S. and a vector of Borrelia parkeri.
O. ru´dis a species that is an important vector of relapsing fever spirochetes in Central and South America; possibly another complex similar to the O. moubata complex.
O. savi´gni a species transmitting Borrelia, an agent of relapsing fever of eastern Africa, southern Egypt, Ethiopia, and southwestern Asia.
O. talajé a species found in Mexico and in Central and South America, where it feeds on wild rodents, domestic animals, and humans; it delivers a painful, irritating bite and is a vector of Borrelia mazzottii, a cause of relapsing fever.
O. tholoza´ni a species transmitting Borrelia persica, an agent of relapsing fever in the Middle East and central Asia.
O. turica´ta a species that readily attacks man and other animals in the southern portion of the U.S. and Mexico; it is a vector of Borrelia turicatae, an agent of relapsing fever; the bite is painful and irritating.
O. venezuelen´sis a species that is the vector of Borrelia venezuelensis, agent of relapsing fever in Colombia, Venezuela, and mountainous parts of South America.
O. verruco´sus vector of Borrelia caucasica.
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A genus of bird and rodent mites; species include O. bacoti, the tropical rat mite, a possible vector of murine typhus and a cause of human dermatitis; O. bursa, the tropical fowl mite; and O. sylviarum, the northern fowl mite. [G. ornis (ornith-), bird, + nyssus, to prick]
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Originally, a disease in nonpsittacine birds (domestic fowls, ducks, pigeons, turkeys, and many wild birds) caused by Chlamydia psittaci; now, generally referred to as psittacosis. [G. ornis (ornith-), bird, + -osis, condition]
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Symbol for orotic acid or orotate.
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1. The mouth. [L. os, oris, mouth] 2. Obsolete alternative spelling is orrho-. See sero-. [G. orrhos, whey, serum]
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Relating to the mouth, fingers, and face.
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Relating to the mouth and face.
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Relating to the mouth and tongue.
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Relating to the mouth and nose.
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Relating to the oropharynx.
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The portion of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth; it is continuous above with the nasopharynx via the pharyngeal isthmus and below with the laryngopharynx.pars oralis pharyngis [NA], oral part of pharynx, oral pharynx; [L. os (or-), mouth]
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a1-acid glycoprotein;a subgroup of the a1-globulin fraction of blood; increased plasma levels are associated with inflammation.a1-acid glycoprotein, acid seromucoid;
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A salt or ester of orotic acid.
o. phosphoribosyltransferase a phosphoribosyltransferase synthesizing orotidylate and pyrophosphate from orotate and 5-phospho-a-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate; this enzyme is a part of pyrimidine biosynthesis; a deficiency of this enzyme is associated with orotic aciduria type I. Cf. uridylic acid synthase. OMP pyrophosphorylase, orotidylic acid phosphorylase, orotidylic acid pyrophosphorylase;
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6-Carboxyuracil; uracil-6-carboxylic acid;an important intermediate in the formation of the pyrimidine nucleotides; elevated in certain inherited defects of pyrimidine biosynthesis.uracil-6-carboxylic acid;
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A rare disorder of pyrimidine metabolism characterized by hypochromic anemia with megaloblastic changes in bone marrow, leukopenia, retarded growth, and urinary excretion of orotic acid; autosomal recessive inheritance. [orotic acid + G. ouron, urine]
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orotic acid-3-beta-d-ribonucleoside; uridine-6-carboxylic acid;elevated in cases of orotidinuria.1-ribosylorotate;
o. 5´-monophosphate (OMP) orotidylic acid
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Elevated levels of orotidine in the urine; has been observed in defects in and inhibition of orotidylic acid decarboxylase.
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A salt or ester of orotidylic acid.
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Orotidine 5´-monophosphate;an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the pyrimidine nucleosides (cytidine and uridine) that are found in nucleic acids.orotidine 5´-monophosphate;
o.a. decarboxylase an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of OMP to UMP and CO2; a defect or inhibition of this enzyme will result in orotic aciduria and orotidinuria; this enzyme is a part of pyrimidine biosynthesis. Cf. uridylic acid synthase. OMP decarboxylase;
o.a. phosphorylase orotate phosphoribosyltransferase
o.a. pyrophosphorylase orotate phosphoribosyltransferase
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See orphan products, under product. [G. orphanos]
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An antihistaminic that also has the same action and use as orphenadrine hydrochloride.
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N,N-Dimethyl-2(o-methyl-a-phenylbenzoyloxy)ethylamine hydrochloride; the o-methyl analogue of diphenhydramine hydrochloride;it reduces spasm of voluntary muscles, probably by action on the cerebral motor areas; used in the symptomatic treatment of paralysis agitans and drug-induced parkinsonism.
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OBSOLETE serum. See sero-. [G. orrhos, oros, whey, serum]
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iris
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A red diazo acid dye, C24H18N4O7S2Na2, used as a fungal and bacterial stain.
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Francesco, Italian physician, 1828-1890. See O.-Grocco method.
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Johannes J., German pathologist, 1847-1923. See O.'s fixative, stain.
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See ortho-.
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Rarely used term for normal intellectual and emotional adjustment. [G. orthos, straight, correct, + ergasia, work]
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Rarely used term for an orthopedic brace, splint, or appliance. [ortho- + -esis, process]
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orthotics
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1. Prefix denoting straight, normal, in proper order. 2. (o-) In chemistry, italicized prefix denoting that a compound has two substitutions on adjacent carbon atoms in a benzene ring. For terms beginning ortho- or o-, see the specific name. [Gr. orthos correct]
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An acid in which the number of hydroxyl groups equals the valence of the acid-forming element; e.g., C(OH)4, orthocarbonic acid. When there is no such acid, the one that most nearly approaches this condition is sometimes called an o.; e.g., OP(OH)3, orthophosphoric acid.
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Normal blood pressure. [ortho- + G. arteria, artery, + tonos, tension]
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Rarely used term for correct living, both hygienically and morally. [ortho- + G. biosis, life]
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The methyl ester of 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid; a surface anesthetic agent usually used in dusting powder form.
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Having a head well proportioned to height; denoting a skull with a vertical index between 70 and 75. See also metriocephalic.orthocephalous; [ortho- + G. kephale, head]
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orthocephalic
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A form of chorea in which the spasms occur only or chiefly when the patient is in the erect posture.
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Denoting any tissue or cell that stains the color of the dye used, i.e., the same color as the dye solution with which it is stained.euchromatic (1), orthochromophil, orthochromophile; [ortho- + G. chroma, color]
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orthochromatic [ortho- + G. chroma, color, + philos, fond]
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Obsolete term for condition in which there is a normal reaction to drugs, articles of diet, etc. [ortho- + G. krasis, a mixing, temperament]
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A condition in which all of the cellular elements in the circulating blood are mature forms, irrespective of the proportions of various types and total numbers. [ortho- + G. kytos, cell, + -osis, condition]
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Straight tubed dentin as seen in the teeth of mammals.
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Fall in arterial blood oxygen upon assuming the upright posture. Usually due to right-to-left cardiac or vascular shunting with a posturally induced fall in left sided pressure permitting a corresponding gradient across the shunt.
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Correction of malformations of fingers or toes. [ortho- + L. digitus, finger or toe]
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orthodontics
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That branch of dentistry concerned with the correction and prevention of irregularities and malocclusion of the teeth.dental orthopedics, orthodontia; [ortho- + G. odous, tooth]
surgical o. the correction of occlusal abnormalities by the surgical repositioning of segments of the mandible or maxillae containing one to several teeth; or the bodily repositioning of entire jaws to improve function and esthetics.orthognathic surgery;
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A dental specialist who practices orthodontics.
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Denoting the propagation of an impulse along an axon in the normal direction. Cf. antidromic. dromic; [ortho- + G. dromos, course]
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The doctrine that evolution is governed by intrinsic factors and occurs in predictable directions. [ortho- + G. genesis, origin]
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Relating to orthogenesis.
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eugenics
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The study of the causes and treatment of conditions related to malposition of the bones of the jaws. [ortho- + G. gnathos, jaw]
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1. Relating to orthognathia. 2. Having a face without projecting jaw, one with a gnathic index below 98. [ortho- + G. gnathos, jaw]
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Walking or standing erect; denoting the posture of man; opposed to pronograde. [ortho- + L. gradior, pp. gressus, to walk]
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A method of molding the cornea with contact lenses to improve unaided vision. [ortho- + G. keras, horn (cornea), + logos, science]
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Formation of an anuclear keratin layer, as in the normal epidermis. [ortho- + G. keras, horn, + -osis, condition]
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A method advocated for the treatment of hypertrophic osteoarthritis in which an attempt is made to change muscular action from one group of muscles to another set of muscles to protect the diseased joint. [ortho- + G. kinetikos, movable, fr. kineo, to move]
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Pertaining to braces, prostheses, orthotic devices, and appliances. [ortho- + mechanical]
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Treatment with braces, prostheses, orthotic devices, or appliances. [ortho- + G. mechane, machine, + therapeia, medical treatment]
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Correcting malformations of arms or legs. [ortho- + G. melos, limb]
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exophthalmometer [ortho- + G. metron, measure]
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L.C. Pauling's term denoting a therapeutic approach designed to provide an optimum molecular environment for body functions, with particular reference to the optimum concentrations of substances normally present in the human body, whether formed endogenously or ingested.
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The family of viruses that comprises the three groups of influenza viruses, types A, B, and C. Virions are roughly spherical or filamentous, the former (the more common form) are 80 to 120 nm in diameter and ether-sensitive; envelopes are studded with surface projections; nucleocapsids are of helical symmetry, 6 to 9 nm in diameter, and contain single-stranded, segmented RNA. The nucleoprotein antigen of each type of virus is common to all strains of the type but distinct from those of the other two types; the mosaic of surface antigens varies from strain to strain. Nucleocapsids seem to be formed in the nuclei of infected cells, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in the cytoplasm; virus maturation occurs during budding of the cell membrane. The only recognized genus is Influenzavirus, which comprises the strains of virus types A and B, both of which are subject to mutation resulting in epidemics. Influenza virus type C differs from types A and B somewhat (e.g., the "receptor-destroying enzyme" seems not to be a neuraminidase) and probably belongs to a separate genus. See also Influenzavirus.
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Relating to orthopaedics.
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The medical specialty concerned with the preservation, restoration, and development of form and function of the musculoskeletal system, extremities, spine, and associated structures by medical, surgical, and physical methods.orthopedics; [ortho- + G. pais (paid-), child]
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One who practices orthopaedics.
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orthopaedics
dental o. orthodontics
functional jaw o. utilization of muscle forces to effect changes in jaw position and tooth alignment by removable appliances.functional orthodontic therapy;
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Very light percussion of the chest, made in a sagittal direction (i.e., anteroposteriorly, and not perpendicularly to the wall of the chest); used to determine the size of the heart, the faint percussion sound disappearing when the heart is reached even though that may be overlapped by a layer of the lung.
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Absence of heterophoria; the condition of binocular fixation in which the lines of sight meet at a distant or near point of reference in the absence of a fusion stimulus. [ortho- + G. phora, motion]
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Pertaining to orthophoria.
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A salt or ester of orthophosphoric acid.
inorganic o. (Pi, P1) any ion or salt form of phosphoric acid.inorganic phosphate;
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Phosphoric acid, O=P(OH)3, distinguished by ortho- from meta- and pyrophosphoric acids, (HPO3)n and OP(OH2)OP(OH)2O, respectively, which are anhydrides of H3PO4; the ultimate anhydride is phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.
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1. Rarely used term for soundness of mind. 2. Rarely used term for a condition of normal interpersonal relationships. [ortho- + G. phren, mind]
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Discomfort in breathing which is brought on or aggravated by lying flat. Cf. platypnea. [ortho- + G. pnoe, a breathing]
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Relating to or characterized by orthopnea.
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The genus of the family Poxviridae which comprises the viruses of alastrim, vaccinia, variola, cowpox, ectromelia, monkeypox, and rabbitpox.
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An appliance used in the management of prosthetic problems related to alignment of teeth.
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A cross-disciplinary science combining child psychiatry, developmental psychology, pediatrics, and family care devoted to the discovery, prevention, and treatment of mental and psychological disorders in children and adolescents.
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A large order of hemimetabolous insects that includes the locusts, grasshoppers, mantids, walking sticks, and related forms. [ortho- + G. pteron, a wing]
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Relating to orthoptics.
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The study and treatment of defective binocular vision, of defects in the action of the ocular muscles, or of faulty visual habits. [ortho- straightened + G. optikos, sight]
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One skilled in orthoptics.
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1. An instrument by means of which one is able to draw the outlines of the various normas of the skull. [ortho- + G. skopeo, to view]
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An external orthopaedic appliance, as a brace or splint, that prevents or assists movement of the spine or the limbs. [G. orthosis, a making straight]
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Relating to an erect posture or position.
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A rarely used instrument for viewing stereoscopic radiographs.
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Referring to the sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system, as distinguished from parasympathetic. See autonomic nervous system.
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1. A normal or natural manner of death and dying. 2. Sometimes used to denote the deliberate stopping of artificial or heroic means of maintaining life. [ortho- + G. thanatos, death]
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The science concerned with the making and fitting of orthopaedic appliances.orthetics;
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A maker and fitter of orthopaedic appliances.
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o-Tolidine; 3,3´-dimethylbenzidine;in the presence of peroxidase, o. (like benzidine) is oxidized to a blue color; since hemoglobin behaves like a peroxidase, o. has been used as an in vitro aid for the detection of occult blood in feces.
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A form of tetanic spasm in which the neck, limbs, and body are held fixed in a straight line. [ortho- + G. tonos, tension]
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In the normal or usual position. [ortho- + G. topos, place]
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Extending or growing in a straight, especially a vertical, direction. [ortho- + G. trope, a turn]
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In radiation therapy, a vague term for voltage between 400 and 600 kv.
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S.T., U.S. neurologist, 1879-1975. See Wolf-O. bodies, under body.
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A glutelin in rice. [G. oryza, rice, + -in]
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Abbreviation for L. oculus sinister, left eye.
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Symbol for osmium.
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1. [NA] The mouth. 2. Term applied sometimes to an opening into a hollow organ or canal, especially one with thick or fleshy edges. [L. mouth]
external o. of uterus the vaginal opening of the uterus.ostium uteri [NA], mouth of the womb, opening of uterus, orificium externum uteri, o. uteri externum, ostium uteri externum;
incompetent cervical o. a defect in the strength of the internal o. allowing premature dilation of the cervix.
Scanzoni's second o. pathologic retraction ring
o. u´teri exter´num external o. of uterus
o. u´teri inter´num isthmus of uterus
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boneFor histological description, see bone [L. bone]
o. acromia´le an acromion that is joined to the scapular spine by fibrous rather than by bony union.
o. basila´re basilar bone
o. bre´ve [NA] short bone
o. cal´cis calcaneus (1)
o. capita´tum [NA] capitate (1)
os´sa car´pi [NA] carpal bones, under bone
o. centra´le [NA] a small bone occasionally found at the dorsal aspect of the wrist between the scaphoid, capitate, and trapezoid; it is developed as an independent cartilage in early fetal life but usually becomes fused with the scaphoid; it occurs normally in most monkeys.central bone;
o. centra´le tar´si navicular bone
o. clitor´idis a small bone located in the clitoris of many carnivorous mammals. It is homologous with the o. penis of many male mammals.
o. coc´cygis [NA] coccyx
o. costa´le [NA] Rib
o. cox´ae [NA] hip bone
ossa cra´nii [NA] bones of skull, under bone
o. cuboi´deum [NA] cuboid bone
o. cuneifor´me interme´dium [NA] intermediate cuneiform bone
o. cuneifor´me latera´le [NA] lateral cuneiform bone
o. cuneifor´me media´le [NA] medial cuneiform bone
os´sa digito´rum [NA] bones of digits, under bone See also phalanx (1).
o. ethmoida´le [NA] ethmoid bone
os´sa facie´i [NA] facial bones, under bone
o. fem´oris [NA] femur
o. fronta´le [NA] frontal bone
o. hama´tum [NA] hamate bone
o. hyoi´deum [NA] hyoid bone See also hyoid apparatus.
o. iliacum * official alternate term for ilium
o. il´ium [NA] ilium
o. in´cae o. interparietale
o. incisi´vum [NA] the anterior and inner portion of the maxilla, which in the fetus and sometimes in the adult is a separate bone; the incisive suture runs from the incisive canal between the lateral incisor and the canine tooth; according to K. Albrecht, the o. incisivum is further divided by a suture between the two incisor teeth on each side into two bones, the endognathion and the mesognathion.incisive bone, intermaxilla, intermaxillary bone, o. intermaxillare, o. premaxillare, premaxilla (1), premaxillary bone;
o. innomina´tum hip bone
o. intermaxilla´re o. incisivum
o. interme´dium lunate bone
o. intermetatar´seum a supernumerary bone at the base of the first metatarsal, or between the first and second metatarsal bones, usually fused with one or the other or with the medial cuneiform bone.intermetatarseum;
o. interparieta´le [NA] the upper part of the squama of the occipital bone, developed in membrane instead of in cartilage as is the rest of the occipital, and occasionally (especially in ancient Peruvian skulls) existing as a separate bone, separated from the remainder of the occipital by the sutura mendosa.incarial bone, interparietal bone, o. incae;
o. irregula´re [NA] irregular bone
o. is´chii [NA] ischium
o. japon´icum a bipartite or tripartite zygomatic bone, found with greater frequency in the Japanese than in other races.
o. lacrima´le [NA] lacrimal bone
o. lon´gum [NA] long bone
o. luna´tum [NA] lunate bone
o. mag´num capitate (1)
o. mala´re zygomatic bone
os´sa mem´bri inferio´ris [NA] bones of lower limb, under bone
os´sa mem´bri superio´ris [NA] bones of upper limb, under bone
o. metacarpa´le, pl. os´sa metacarpa´lia [NA] metacarpal bone
o. metatarsa´le, pl. os´sa metatarsa´lia [NA] metatarsal bone
o. multan´gulum ma´jus trapezium
o. multan´gulum mi´nus trapezoid bone
o. nasa´le [NA] nasal bone
o. navicula´re [NA] navicular bone
o. navicula´re ma´nus scaphoid bone
o. occipita´le [NA] occipital bone
o. odontoi´deum the dens of the axis when anomalously not fused with the body of the axis.
o. orbicula´re lenticular process of incus
o. palati´num [NA] palatine bone
o. parieta´le [NA] parietal bone
o. pe´nis a bone of variable size and shape, located in the glans penis or glans clitoridis of all animals, except man, ungulates, elephants, whales, and a few others; it is particularly well developed in carnivora, and in the dog may reach a length of more than 10 cm; its size and shape are often a characteristic of a species.baculum, penis bone;
o. pisifor´me [NA] pisiform bone
o. pla´num [NA] flat bone
o. pneumat´icum [NA] pneumatic bone
o. premaxilla´re o. incisivum
o. pterygoi´deum pterygoid process
o. pu´bis [NA] mons pubis
o. pyramida´le triquetral bone
o. sa´crum [NA] sacrum
o. scaphoi´deum [NA] scaphoid bone
o. sesamoi´deum, pl. os´sa sesamoi´dea [NA] sesamoid bone
o. sphenoida´le [NA] sphenoid bone
o. subtibia´le an inconstant bone found very rarely in the distal articular end of the tibia.
o. suprasterna´le, pl. os´sa suprasterna´lia [NA] one of the small ossicles occasionally found in the ligaments of the sternoclavicular articulation.Breschet's bones, episternal bone, suprasternal bone;
os´sa sutura´rum [NA] sutural bones, under bone
o. syl´vii lenticular process of incus
os´sa tar´si [NA] tarsal bones, under bone
o. tempora´le [NA] temporal bone
o. tibia´le poste´rius , o. tibia´le posti´cum a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle, occasionally fused with the tuberosity of the navicular.tibiale posticum;
o. trape´zium [NA] trapezium
o. trapezoi´deum [NA] trapezoid bone
o. triangula´re 1. o. trigonum 2. triquetral bone
o. tribasila´re the single bone resulting from the fusion in infancy of the occipital and temporal bones at the base of the cranial cavity.
o. trigo´num [NA] an independent ossicle sometimes present in the tarsus; usually it forms part of the talus, constituting the lateral tubercle of the posterior process.o. triangulare (1), triangular bone;
o. trique´trum [NA] triquetral bone
o. un´guis lacrimal bone
o. vesalia´num the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal bone sometimes existing as a separate bone.vesalianum, Vesalius' bone;
o. zygomat´icum [NA] zygomatic bone
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The compound formed by certain sugars (e.g., glucose, galactose, fructose) with excess hydrazines, possessing two hydrazones on carbons 1 and 2 instead of only one at C-1, as in the ordinary hydrazone; o.'s formed with phenylhydrazine (phenylosazones) are used to characterize and identify certain sugars.dihydrazone;
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The scrotum. [G. osche]
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scrotal
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Inflammation of the scrotum. [osche- + G. -itis, inflammation]
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An enlargement or elephantiasis of the scrotum. [osche- + elephantiasis]
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Scrotal hydrocele. [oscheo- + G. hydor, water, + kele, tumor]
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scrotoplasty [oscheo- + plastos, formed]
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1. A to-and-fro movement. 2. A stage in the vascular changes in inflammation in which the accumulation of leukocytes in the small vessels arrests the passage of blood and there is simply a to-and-fro movement at each cardiac contraction. [L. oscillatio, fr. oscillo, to swing]
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1. An apparatus somewhat like a vibrator, used to give a form of mechanical massage. 2. An electric circuit designed to generate alternating current at a particular frequency. 3. Any device that produces oscillation.
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An instrument that records oscillations, usually electrical.
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The study of the records made by an oscillograph.
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An apparatus for measuring oscillations of any kind, especially those of the bloodstream in sphygmometry. See also sphygmo-oscillometer. [L. oscillo, to swing, + G. metron, measure]
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Relating to the oscillometer or the records made by its use.
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The measurement of oscillations of any kind with an oscillometer.
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The subjective sensation of oscillation of objects viewed.oscillating vision; [L. oscillo, to swing, + G. opsis, vision]
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An oscillograph in which the record of oscillations is continuously visible.
cathode ray o. (CRO) the common form of o., in which a varying electrical signal (y) vertically deflects an electron beam impinging on a fluorescent screen, while some other function (x or time) deflects the beam horizontally; the result is a visual graph of y plotted against x or time with negligible distortion by inertia.
storage o. a cathode ray o. in which the visual record of oscillations persists on the fluorescent screen until erased electrically.
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To yawn; to gape. [L. oscito, fr. os, mouth, + cieo, to put in motion]
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yawning [L. oscitatio]
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A pore or minute opening. [L. dim. of os, mouth]
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1. In chemistry, a terminator usually indicating a carbohydrate. 2. Suffix appended to some Latin roots, with significance of the more common -ous (2) . [L. -osus, full of, abounding] 3. Full of, having much of.
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Plural of -osis.
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Robert B., U.S. orthopedic surgeon, 1873-1956. See O.-Schlatter disease.
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Abbreviation for Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor, responsible for establishing and enforcing safety and health standards in the workplace.
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Suffix, properly added only to words formed from G. roots, meaning a process, condition, or state, usually abnormal or diseased. It denotes primarily any production or increase, physiologic or pathologic, and secondarily an invasion, and increase within the organism, of parasites; in the latter sense, it is similar to and often interchangeable with G. -iasis, as seen in trichinosis, trichiniasis. [G.]
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Sir William, Canadian physician in U.S. and England, 1849-1919. See O.'s disease; O. node; O.'s sign; Rendu-O.-Weber syndrome.
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A salt of osmic acid.
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olfactory [G. osme, smell]
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olfaction [G. osmesis, smelling]
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OsO4;a volatile caustic and strong oxidizing agent; colorless crystals, poorly soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents; the aqueous solution is a fat and myelin stain and a general fixative for electron microscopy.osmium tetroxide;
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To stain or fix with osmic acid.
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The fixation of tissue with an osmic acid solution; also serves as a stain for both light and electron microscopy.
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The science of olfaction. [G. osme, smell]
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bromidrosis [G. osme, smell, + hidros, sweat]
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Readily stained with osmic acid. [osmium + G. phileo, to love]
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Not readily stained with osmic acid. [osmium + G. phobos, fear]
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A metallic element of the platinum group, atomic no. 76, atomic wt. 190.2. [G. osme, smell, because of the strong odor of the tetroxide]
o. tetroxide osmic acid
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1. Osmosis. [G. osmos, impulsion] 2. Smell, odor. [G. osme]
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osmoreceptor
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An abnormal dislike of certain odors. [G. osme, smell, + dys-, bad, + phora, a carrying]
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electro-olfactogram [G. osme, smell, + gramma, a drawing]
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The concentration of a solution expressed in osmoles of solute particles per kilogram of soluent.
calculated serum osmolality the calculation of serum osmolality from serum sodium, glucose, and urea nitrogen values by a variety of formulae, the most common of which is: 1.86 x [Na30] + glucose(mg/dl)/18 + BUN(mg/dl)/2.8
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osmotic
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The osmotic concentration of a solution expressed as osmoles of solute per liter of solution.
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The molecular weight of a solute, in grams, divided by the number of ions or particles into which it dissociates in solution.
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1. The study of odors, their production, and their effects.osphresiology; 2. The study of osmosis.
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An instrument for measuring osmolality by freezing point depression or vapor pressure elevation techniques.
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Measurement of osmolality by use of an osmometer.
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Flourishing in a medium of high osmotic pressure. [osmo(sis) + G. phileo, to love]
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olfactophobia [G. osme, smell, + phobia]
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The group of atoms in the molecule of a compound that is responsible for the compound's characteristic odor. [G. osme, smell, + phonos, bearing]
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1. A receptor in the central nervous system (probably the hypothalamus) that responds to changes in the osmotic pressure of the blood. [G. osmos, impulsion] 2. A receptor that receives olfactory stimuli. [G. osme, smell] osmoceptor;
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Influencing the degree and rapidity of osmosis.
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To move through a membrane by osmosis.
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The process by which solvent tends to move through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower to a solution of higher osmolal concentration of the solutes to which the membrane is relatively impermeable. [G. osmos, a thrusting, an impulsion]
reverse o. movement of solvent in the opposite direction from o., i.e., pressure filtration of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that will hold back the solutes; commonly replaced by filtration or ultrafiltration when speaking of capillary membranes, as in the renal glomerulus.
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An indirect measure of the osmotic characteristics of a solution, in terms of a comparable sodium chloride solution, now rendered obsolete by the more precisely defined term osmolality.
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Dehydration by means of intravenous injections of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride, dextrose, urea, mannitol, or other osmotically active substances, or by oral administration of glycerine, isosorbide, glycine, etc.; used in the treatment of cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure. [osmosis + therapy]
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Relating to osmosis.osmolar;
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Odor; sense of smell. [G. osphresis, smell]
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Sexual excitement produced by odors. [osphresio- + G. lagneia, lust]
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Relating to osphresiology.
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osmology (1) [osphresio- + G. logos, study]
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An unusual interest in odors. [osphresio- + G. phileo, to love]
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olfactophobia [osphresio- + G. phobos, fear]
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olfaction [G. osphresis, smell]
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olfactory
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Plural of L. os, bone. [L.]
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collagen [L. os, bone]
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A periostitis of the anterior margin of the third metacarpal bone or first phalanx near the fetlock, characterized first by a painful, soft swelling and later by exostosis; a cause of lameness in horses, particularly young race horses in training. [L. dim. of os, bone]
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Bony. See also ossi-, osteo-. [L. osseus]
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Relating to, or composed of, both bone and cartilage.osteocartilaginous, osteochondrous;
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The ground substance of bony tissue.
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A mucoid derived from ossein.
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Bony, of bone-like consistency or structure.osteal; [L. osseus]
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Bone. See also osseo-, osteo-. [L. os]
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A small bone; specifically, one of the bones of the tympanic cavity or middle ear.ossiculum [NA], bonelet; [L. ossiculum, dim. of os, bone]
Andernach's o.'s sutural bones, under bone
auditory o.'s the small bones of the middle ear; they are articulated to form a chain for the transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.ossicula auditus [NA], ear bones, ossicular chain;
Bertin's o.'s sphenoidal conchae, under concha
epactal o.'s sutural bones, under bone
Kerckring's o. Kerckring's center
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Plural of ossiculum. [L.]
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Pertaining to an ossicle.
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Removal of one or more of the ossicles of the middle ear. [L. ossiculum, ossicle, + G. ektome, excision]
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Division of one of the processes of the ossicles of the middle ear, or of a fibrous band causing ankylosis between any two ossicles. [L. ossiculum, ossicle, + G. tome, incision]
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ossicle [L. dim. of os, bone]
ossicula audi´tus [NA] auditory ossicles, under ossicle
ossic´ula menta´lia small nodules of bone that appear at the symphysis menti shortly before birth and fuse with the mandible after birth.
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Containing or producing bone. [ossi- + L. fero, to bear]
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Relating to a change into, or formation of, bone.
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1. The formation of bone. 2. A change into bone. [L. ossificatio, fr. os, bone, + facio, to make]
endochondral o. formation of osseous tissue by the replacement of calcified cartilage; long bones grow in length by endochondral o. at the epiphysial cartilage plate where osteoblasts form bone trabeculae on a framework of calcified cartilage.
intramembranous o. membranous o
membranous o. intramembranous o., development of osseous tissue within mesenchymal tissue without prior cartilage formation, such as occurs in the frontal and parietal bones.intramembranous o;
metaplastic o. the formation of irregular foci of bone (sometimes including bone marrow) in various soft structures, such as the muscles, lungs, brain, and other sites where osseous tissue is abnormal.
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osteoid (1) [ossi- + L. forma, form]
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To form bone or convert into bone. [ossi- + L. facio, to make]
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See osteo-.
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osseous [G. osteon, bone]
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Pain in a bone.osteodynia; [osteo- + G. algos, pain]
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Relating to or marked by bone pain.
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osteoanagenesis
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osteoanagenesis [osteo- + G. anaphysis, a growing again]
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1. Surgical removal of bone. 2. In dentistry, resection of supporting osseous structure to eliminate periodontal pockets.osteoectomy; [osteo- + G. ektome, excision]
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collagen [G. osteon, bone]
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Relating to or affected by osteitis.ostitic;
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Inflammation of bone.ostitis; [osteo- + G. -itis, inflammation]
alveolar o. alveoalgia
caseous o. tuberculous caries in bone.
central o. 1. osteomyelitis 2. endosteitis
o. condensans ilii (con-den´sanz il´e-I) symmetric benign osteosclerosis of the portion of the iliac bones adjacent to the sacroiliac joints.
condensing o. sclerosing o
cortical o. periostitis with involvement of the superficial layer of bone.
o. defor´mans Paget's disease (1)
o. fibro´sa cir´cumscrip´ta monostotic fibrous dysplasia
o. fibro´sa cys´tica increased osteoclastic resorption of calcified bone with replacement by fibrous tissue, due to primary hyperparathyroidism or other causes of the rapid mobilization of mineral salts.parathyroid osteosis, Recklinghausen's disease of bone;
o. fibro´sa disseminat´a polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
focal condensing o. chronic focal sclerosing osteomyelitis
hematogenous o. any o. caused by infection carried in the bloodstream.
localized o. fibro´sa monostotic fibrous dysplasia
multifocal o. fibro´sa polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
o. pubis osteosclerosis of the pubic bone next to the symphysis, caused by trauma to that region, from pregnancy or instrumentation.
renal o. fibro´sa renal rickets
sclerosing o. fusiform thickening or increased density of bones, of unknown cause; it has been considered a form of chronic nonsuppurative osteomyelitis.condensing o., Garré's disease;
o. tuberculo´sa mul´tiplex cys´tica an o. of tuberculous origin, marked by numerous small cavities in the osseous substance.Jüngling's disease;
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Archaic term for lithopedion. [osteo- + G. embryon, embryo]
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Congestion or hyperemia of a bone. [osteo- + G. haima, blood]
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Suppuration in bone. [osteo- + G. empyesis, suppuration]
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Bone. See also osseo-, ossi-. [G. osteon]
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Regeneration of bone.osteanagenesis, osteanaphysis; [osteo- + G. ana, again, + genesis, generation]
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Arthritis characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, either primary or secondary to trauma or other conditions, which becomes soft, frayed, and thinned with eburnation of subchondral bone and outgrowths of marginal osteophytes; pain and loss of function result; mainly affects weight-bearing joints, is more common in older persons.degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease, hypertrophic arthritis, osteoarthrosis;
hyperplastic o. hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
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A disorder affecting bones and joints. [osteo- + G. arthron, joint, + pathos, suffering]
hypertrophic pulmonary o. expansion of the distal ends, or the entire shafts, of the long bones, sometimes with erosions of the articular cartilages and thickening and villous proliferation of the synovial membranes, and frequently clubbing of fingers; the disorder occurs in chronic pulmonary disease, in heart disease, and occasionally in other acute and chronic disorders; also occurs in dogs as a result of Spirocerca lupi infection of the esophagus.Bamberger-Marie disease, Bamberger-Marie syndrome, hyperplastic osteoarthritis, pneumogenic o., pulmonary o;
idiopathic hypertrophic o. o. not secondary to pulmonary or other progressive lesions, which may occur alone (acropathy) or as part of the syndrome of pachydermoperiostosis.
pneumogenic o. hypertrophic pulmonary o
pulmonary o. hypertrophic pulmonary o
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osteoarthritis [osteo- + G. arthron, joint, + -osis, condition]
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A bone-forming cell that is derived from mesenchyme (fibroblast) and forms an osseous matrix in which it becomes enclosed as an osteocyte.osteoplast; [osteo- + G. blastos, germ]
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Relating to the osteoblasts; describes any region of increased radiographic bone density, in particular, metastases that stimulate o. activity.
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An uncommon benign tumor of osteoblasts with areas of osteoid and calcified tissue, occurring most frequently in the spine of a young person.giant osteoid osteoma;
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A protein found in bone and dentin; contains gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues; has a role in mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis.bone Gla protein;
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Undesirable and obsolete nonspecific term for a metastasis of carcinoma in a bone, or a carcinoma that contains foci of osseous tissue (as a result of metaplasia).
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osseocartilaginous
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Inflammation of a bone and its cartilage. [osteo- + G. chondros, cartilage, + -itis, inflammation]
o. defor´mans juveni´lis Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
o. defor´mans juveni´lis dor´si Scheuermann's disease
o. dis´secans complete or incomplete separation of a portion of joint cartilage and underlying bone, usually involving the knee, associated with epiphyseal aseptic necrosis.
syphilitic o. inflammation of the epiphysial line associated with congenital syphilis.Wegner's disease;
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camptomelic syndrome
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chondro-osteodystrophy
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chondro-osteodystrophy
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A benign cartilaginous neoplasm that consists of a pedicle of normal bone (protruding from the cortex) covered with a rim of proliferating cartilage cells; may originate from any bone that is preformed in cartilage, but is most frequent near the ends of long bones, usually in patients who are 10 to 25 years of age; the lesion is frequently not noticed, unless it is traumatized or of large size; multiple o.'s are inherited and referred to as hereditary multiple exostoses.solitary osteocartilaginous exostosis; [osteo- + G. chondros, cartilage, + -oma, tumor]
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hereditary multiple exostoses, under exostosis
synovial o. synovial chondromatosis
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Chondrosarcoma arising in bone. Sarcomas in bone containing foci of neoplastic cartilage as well as bone are classified as osteogenic sarcomas. [osteo- + G. chondros, cartilage, + sarx, flesh, + -oma, tumor]
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Any of a group of disorders of one or more ossification centers in children, characterized by degeneration or aseptic necrosis followed by reossification; includes the various forms of epiphysial aseptic necrosis. [osteo- + G. chondros, cartilage, + -osis, condition]
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osseocartilaginous [osteo- + G. chondros, cartilage]
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Intentional fracture of a bone in order to correct deformity.diaclasis, diaclasia; [osteo- + G. klasis, fracture]
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1. A large multinucleated cell, possibly of monocytic origin, with abundant acidophilic cytoplasm, functioning in the absorption and removal of osseous tissue.osteophage; 2. An instrument used to fracture a bone to correct a deformity. [osteo- + G. klastos, broken]
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Pertaining to osteoclasts, especially with reference to their activity in the absorption and removal of osseous tissue.
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giant cell tumor of bone
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The cranium of the fetus after ossification of the membranous cranium has made it firm. [osteo- + G. kranion, skull]
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solitary bone cyst
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A cell of osseous tissue that occupies a lacuna and has cytoplasmic processes that extend into canaliculi and make contact by means of gap junctions with the processes of other osteocytes.bone cell, bone corpuscle, osseous cell; [osteo- + G. kytos, cell]
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Rapidly formed tertiary dentin that contains entrapped odontoblasts and few dentinal tubules, thereby superficially resembling bone. [osteo- + L. dens, tooth]
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Osteopoikilosis with skin lesions, most commonly small elastic fibrous nodules on the posterior aspects of the thighs and buttocks; irregular autosomal dominant inheritance.Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome; [osteo- + G. derma, skin, + poikilos, dappled, + -osis, condition]
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Pertaining to or characterized by osteodermia.
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osteoma cutis [osteo- + G. derma, skin]
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Transformation of tendon into bony tissue. [osteo- + G. desmos, a band (tendon), + -osis, condition]
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Separation of two adjacent bones, as of the cranium. [osteo- + G. diastasis, a separation]
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ostealgia [osteo- + G. odyne, pain]
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A generalized skeletal dysplasia with prominent forehead and small mandible; radiographically, there are irregular ribbon-like constrictions of the ribs and tubular bones; probably autosomal dominant inheritance. There are arguably two forms, autosomal recessive [MIM*249420] and X-linked [MIM*309350].Melnick-Needles syndrome; [osteo- + G. dys-, bad, + plastos, formed]
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osteodystrophy
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Defective formation of bone; common in dogs with chronic nephritis.osteodystrophia; [osteo- + G. dys, difficult, imperfect, + trophe, nourishment]
Albright's hereditary o. an inherited form of hyperparathyroidism associated with ectopic calcification and ossification and skeletal defects, notably the small fourth metacarpals, but intelligence is normal. There are dominant [MIM*103580 and *139320.001], recessive [MIM*203330] and X-linked [MIM*300800] forms. See also pseudohypoparathyroidism.Albright's syndrome (2);
renal o. generalized bone changes resembling osteomalacia and rickets or osteitis fibrosa, occurring in children or adults with chronic renal failure.
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Bowing of bones, particularly of the legs. [osteo- + G. ektasis, a stretching]
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ostectomy
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An epiphysis of a bone.
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A benign lesion of bone, probably not a true neoplasm, consisting chiefly of fairly dense, moderately cellular, fibrous connective tissue in which there are small foci of osteogenesis. Most examples of this condition, especially in the maxilla and mandible, probably represent foci of fibrous dysplasia; a few examples of fibrous lesions with foci of osteogenesis, especially in vertebral bodies, may be neoplasms.
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Fibrosis of bone, mainly involving red bone marrow.
periapical o. periapical cemental dysplasia
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A bone matrix-producing tissue or layer. [osteo- + G. -gen, producing]
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The formation of bone.osteogeny, osteosis (2), ostosis (2); [osteo- + G. genesis, production]
o. imperfec´ta a large and miscellaneous group of conditions of abnormal fragility and plasticity of bone, with recurring fractures on trivial trauma; variable associated features include deformity of long bones, blueness of sclerae [MIM 166200], laxity of ligaments, and otosclerosis; inheritance is autosomal dominant in most families [MIM*120150, *120160, 166200, 166210-166230], but rare autosomal recessive types also exist [MIM 259400-259450]; there is an alteration in procollagen and collagen. In o. imperfecta congenita , a more severe form [MIM 166230], the fractures occur before or at birth; in o. imperfecta tarda , a less severe form, the fractures occur later in childhood. More recently classified as o. imperfecta types I, II, III, and IV based on the mode of inheritance as well as on clinical and biochemical criteria.brittle bones;
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Relating to osteogenesis.osteogenous, osteoplastic (1);
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osteogenic
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osteogenesis
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A treatise on or description of the bones. [osteo- + G. graphe, a writing]
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Softening of the bones through absorption or insufficient supply of the mineral portion. [osteo- + G. hals, salt, + steresis, privation]
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Condition characterized by overgrowth of bones. [osteo- + G. hyper- over, + trophe, nourishment]
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1. Relating to or resembling bone.ossiform; 2. Newly formed organic bone matrix prior to calcification. [osteo- + G. eidos, resemblance]
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An experimental disease in rats, swine, turkeys, and other animals fed the seeds of certain species of Lathyrus (e.g., L. odoratus, sweet pea), or such nitriles as aminoacetonitrile or beta-aminopropionitrile; the chief pathologic changes occur in connective tissue structures, as follows: 1) fibroblastic, chondroblastic, and osteoblastic proliferative changes in the periosteum; 2) degeneration, necrosis, and atypical proliferation of epiphysial cartilages; 3) an increase in adipose tissue of the bone marrow; 4) sometimes proliferation of synovial membranes; 5) relatively large foci of extensive destruction of elastic fibers in the aorta, especially in the thoracic aorta. [osteo- + lathyrism]
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A benign neoplasm of cartilaginous tissue, in which metaplasia occurs and foci of adipose cells and osseous tissue are formed. [osteo- + G. lipos, fat, + chondros, cartilage, + -oma, tumor]
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osteology, osteology [L.]
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A specialist in osteology.
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The anatomy of the bones; the science concerned with the bones and their structure.osteologia [NA]; [osteo- + G. logos, study]
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Softening, absorption, and destruction of bony tissue, a function of the osteoclasts. [osteo- + G. lysis, dissolution]
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Pertaining to, characterized by, or causing osteolysis.
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A benign slow-growing mass of mature, predominantly lamellar bone, usually arising from the skull or mandible. [osteo- + G. -oma, tumor]
o. cu´tis cutaneous ossification usually secondary to calcification in foci of degeneration in tumors or inflammatory lesions or rarely primary new bone formation with normal skin.dermostosis, osteodermia, osteosis cutis;
dental o. an exostosis arising from the root of a tooth.
giant osteoid o. osteoblastoma
o. medulla´re an o. containing spaces that are filled (or partly filled) with various elements of bone marrow.
osteoid o. a painful benign neoplasm that usually originates in one of the bones of the lower extremities, especially the femur or tibia of adolescent and young adult persons; characterized by a nidus (usually no larger than 1 cm in diameter) that consists of osteoid material, vascularized osteogenic stroma, and poorly formed bone; around the nidus there is a relatively large zone of reactive thickening of the cortex.
o. spongio´sum an o. that consists chiefly of cancellous bone tissue.
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A disease characterized by a gradual softening and bending of the bones with varying severity of pain; softening occurs because the bones contain osteoid tissue which has failed to calcify due to lack of vitamin D or renal tubular dysfunction; more common in women than in men, o. often begins during pregnancy.adult rickets, late rickets, rachitis tarda; [osteo- + G. malakia, softness]
infantile o. , juvenile o. rickets
senile o. osteoporosis in the aged.
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Relating to, or suffering from, osteomalacia.
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An abnormal nodule or small mass of overgrowth of bone, usually occurring bilaterally and symmetrically, in juxtaepiphysial regions, especially in long bones of the lower extremities; lesions are not actually neoplasms, but represent anomalous developments in which there are outpouchings of the cortex (in contrast to a growth superimposed on the cortex), and are more properly termed exostoses. [osteoma + G. eidos, appearance, form]
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One of the series of bone segments, such as the vertebrae. [osteo- + G. meros, a part]
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The branch of anthropometry concerned with the relative size of the different parts of the skeleton. [osteo- + G. metron, measurement]
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Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.central osteitis (1); [osteo- + G. myelos, marrow, + -itis, inflammation]
chronic diffuse sclerosing o. a proliferative reaction of bone to a low-grade infection of the jaws; most often seen in middle-aged or older black women as extensive, often bilateral radio-opacities of the mandible and maxilla.
chronic focal sclerosing o. a reaction of bone to a mild bacterial infection, often the result of a carious tooth, in persons with a high degree of tissue resistance; results in a localized radio-opacity.focal condensing osteitis;
Garré's o. chronic o. with proliferative periostitis. A focal gross thickening of the periosteum with peripheral reactive bone formation resulting from mild infection.
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A disease characterized by enlargement of the marrow cavities of the bones, thinning of the osseous tissue, large, thin-walled vascular spaces, leukopenia, and irregular fever. [osteo- + G. myelos, marrow, + dysplasia]
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A central canal containing blood capillaries and the concentric osseous lamellae around it occurring in compact bone.haversian system; [G. osteon, bone]
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An osteoma, sometimes used with reference to any neoplasm of a bone. [osteo- + G. onkos, bulk (swelling)]
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The death of bone in mass, as distinguished from caries ("molecular death") or relatively small foci of necrosis in bone. [osteo- + G. nekrosis, death]
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A protein (MW 39,000-40,000) found in bone and nonmineralized tissues and believed to play a role in mineralization.
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osteopathic physician
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osteopathy (1)
o. conden´sans osteopoikilosis
o. hemorrha´gica infan´tum infantile scurvy
o. stria´ta linear striations seen radiographically in the metaphyses of long bones and also flat bones; it may be a variant of osteopoikilosis.Voorhoeve's disease;
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Relating to osteopathy.
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Study of diseases of bone.
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1. Any disease of bone.osteopathia; 2. A school of medicine based upon a concept of the normal body as a vital machine capable, when in correct adjustment, of making its own remedies against infections and other toxic conditions; practitioners use the diagnostic and therapeutic measures of conventional medicine in addition to manipulative measures.osteopathic medicine; [osteo- + G. pathos, suffering]
alimentary o. bone disease due to dietary deficiency.
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Archaic term for lithopedion. [osteo- + G. paidion, dim. of pais, a child]
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1. Decreased calcification or density of bone; a descriptive term applicable to all skeletal systems in which such a condition is noted; carries no implication about causality. 2. Reduced bone mass due to inadequate osteoid synthesis. [osteo- + G. penia, poverty]
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Inflammation of the periosteum and of the underlying bone.
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Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone and calcified cartilage, especially in long bones, leading to obliteration of marrow spaces and to anemia, with myeloid metaplasia and hepatosplenomegaly, beginning in infancy and with progressive deafness and blindness; autosomal recessive inheritance. There are autosomal recessive forms which may be mild [MIM*259310] or lethal [MIM*259720] and sometimes involves a renal tubular defect [MIM*259730]. A milder, autosomal domimant form has onset in childhood and no neurologic sequelae.Albers-Schönberg disease, marble bone disease, marble bones; [osteo- + G. petra, stone, + -osis, condition]
o. ac´ro-osteoly´tica pyknodysostosis
o. gallina´rum a virus-induced bone tumor of chickens. See also avian leukosis.
o. with renal tubular acidosis carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome
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Relating to osteopetrosis.
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osteoclast (1) [osteo- + G. phago, to eat]
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Eating of bones; perverted appetite seen in cattle suffering from mineral (phosphorus or calcium) deficiency. [osteo- + G. phago, to eat]
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Inflammation of the veins of a bone. [osteo- + G. phleps, vein, + -itis, inflammation]
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bone conduction
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osteophyte [osteo- + G. phyma, tumor]
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A bony outgrowth or protuberance.osteophyma; [osteo- + G. phyton, plant]
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Any osseous layer. [osteo- + Fr. plaque, plate]
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osteoblast [osteo- + G. plastos, formed]
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1. osteogenic 2. Relating to osteoplasty.
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1. Bone grafting; reparative or plastic surgery of the bones. 2. In dentistry, resection of osseous structure to achieve acceptable gingival contour. [osteo- + G. plastos, formed]
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Mottled or spotted bones caused by widespread small foci of compact bone in the substantia spongiosa; autosomal dominant inheritance [MIM*166700]. See also osteopathia striata, dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata.osteopathia condensans; [osteo- + G. poikilos, dappled, + -osis, condition]
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A protein produced by osteoblasts of unknown function.
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A secreted phosphoprotein, produced by many epithelial cell types, that is highly negatively charged and frequently associated with mineralization processes. It is found in plasma, urine, milk, and bile. Transformed cells express o. in elevated levels.
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Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue; occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men, resulting in bone trabeculae that are scanty, thin, and without osteoclastic resorption. [osteo- + G. poros, pore, + -osis, condition]
o. circumscrip´ta cra´nii localized cranial o. often seen in Paget's disease.
juvenile o. idiopathic o. with onset before puberty, leading to pain or fractures, with spontaneous remission within a few years.
posttraumatic o. Sudeck's atrophy
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Pertaining to, characterized by, or causing a porous condition of the bones.
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A physician who specializes in radiology of the bones and joints. [osteo- + radiologist]
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The clinical subspecialty of diagnostic bone radiology.
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Necrosis of bone produced by ionizing radiation; may be planned or unplanned. [osteo- + radionecrosis]
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Wiring together the fragments of a broken bone.osteosuture; [osteo- + G. rhaphe, suture]
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osteogenic sarcoma
parosteal o. low grade o. arising on the surface of bone without involvement of the underlying marrow, usually occurring as a heavily ossified mass of the distal femur in women in the third and fourth decades of life.
periosteal o. chondroblastic o. occurring on the surface of bones without involvement of the marrow; usually presents in adolescents and young adults as a lucent defect with bone spicules extending into soft tissues. Histologically, the tumor is intermediate to high grade, and the cartilage is lobulated.
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Abnormal hardening or eburnation of bone. [osteo- + G. sklerosis, hardness]
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Relating to, due to, or marked by hardening of bone substance.
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1. A morbid process in bone.ostosis (1); 2. osteogenesis [osteo- + G. -osis, condition]
o. cu´tis osteoma cutis
o. eburni´sans monomel´ica melorheostosis
parathyroid o. osteitis fibrosa cystica
renal fibrocystic o. renal rickets
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General nonspecific term for a neoplasm in bone that results in thinning and fragmentation (thus, in softening) of the cortex. [osteo- + G. spongos, sponge, + -oma, tumor]
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A benign mass, usually a lipoma or sebaceous cyst, in which small foci of bony elements are present. [osteo- + G. stear, suet, fat, + -oma, tumor]
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osteorrhaphy
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Internal fixation of a fracture by means of a mechanical device, such as a pin, screw, or plate.
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Thrombosis in one or more of the veins of a bone.
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An instrument for use in cutting bone. [osteo- + G. tome, incision]
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Cutting a bone, usually by means of a saw or chisel. [osteo- + G. tome, incision]
"C" sliding o. an extraoral o. in the shape of a "C" performed bilaterally in the mandibular rami for the correction of retrognathia and/or apertognathia.
horizontal o. an o. performed intraorally for genioplasty; the inferior aspect of the anterior mandible is advanced or retruded by movement of the free segment.
Le Fort o. an o. often done to correct a maxillary skeletal deformity. Classified as Le Fort o. I, II, or III, depending upon the location.
sagittal split mandibular o. an intraoral surgical procedure for correction of retrognathism, apertognathia, and prognathism; the mandibular rami and posterior body are sectioned in the sagittal plane.
segmental alveolar o. an intraoral surgical procedure in which segments of alveolar bone containing teeth are sectioned between, and apically to, the teeth for the repositioning of the alveolus and teeth; it may be maxillary or mandibular, and may be combined with ostectomy.
sliding oblique o. an oral surgical procedure in which the mandibular ramus is cut vertically from the sigmoid notch to the angle to facilitate posterior repositioning of the mandible in correction of mandibular prognathism; it may be performed extraorally or intraorally, and is similar to vertical o.
vertical o. an oral surgical procedure similar to sliding oblique o.
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An instrument for crushing off bits of necrosed or carious bone. [osteo- + G. tribo, to bruise, to grind down]
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An instrument with conical or olive-shaped tip having a cutting surface, resembling a dental burr, used for the removal of carious bone. [osteo- + L. tritus, a grinding, a wearing off]
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Nutrition of osseous tissue. [osteo- + G. trophe, nourishment]
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otocranial [osteo- + G. tympanon, drum]
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The medium or brown stomach worm; a genus of small, slender, bloodsucking trichostrongyle nematodes found in the abomasum (rarely in the small intestine) of sheep, goats, cattle, and other ruminants. Species include O. bisonis in bison, cattle, and deer; O. circumcincta, the most economically important species found in sheep, which occurs worldwide in sheep, goats, camels, and wild ruminants; O. lyrata in cattle and wild ruminants; O. occidentalis in sheep, goats, pronghorn, mule deer, and other ruminants; O. orloffi in sheep, cattle, mule deer, and Barbary sheep in North America and the area formerly known as the USSR; O. ostertagi, in cattle, sheep, and many wild ruminants; and O. trifurcata in sheep and goats, also reported from many wild ruminants. [R. von Ostertag]
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Plural of ostium. [L.]
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Relating to any orifice, or ostium.
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osteitic
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osteitis
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A small opening, especially one of entrance into a hollow organ or canal. [L. door, entrance, mouth]
o. abdomina´le tu´bae uteri´nae [NA] abdominal o. of uterine tube
abdominal o. of uterine tube the fimbriated or ovarian extremity of an oviduct.o. abdominale tubae uterinae [NA];
o. aor´tae [NA] aortic orifice
aortic o. aortic orifice
o. appen´dicis vermifor´mis [NA] o. of vermiform appendix
o. arterio´sum mitral orifice
o. atrioventricula´re dex´trum [NA] tricuspid orifice
o. atrioventricula´re sinis´trum [NA] mitral orifice
o. cardi´acum [NA] cardiac orifice
o. ileoceca´le [NA] ileocecal orifice
o. inter´num uterine o. of uterine tubes
o. pharyn´geum tu´bae auditi´vae [NA] pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
o. pri´mum interatrial foramen primum
o. pylor´icum [NA] pyloric orifice
o. secun´dum interatrial foramen secundum
o. trun´ci pulmona´lis [NA] opening of pulmonary trunk
o. tympan´icum tu´bae auditi´vae [NA] tympanic opening of auditory tube
o. ure´teris [NA] ureteric orifice
o. ure´thrae exter´num [NA] external urethral orifice
o. ure´thrae inter´num [NA] internal urethral orifice
o. u´teri [NA] external os of uterus
o. u´teri exter´num external os of uterus
o. u´teri inter´num isthmus of uterus
uterine o. of uterine tubes the uterine opening of the oviduct.o. uterinum tubae [NA], o. internum, uterine opening of uterine tubes;
o. uteri´num tu´bae [NA] uterine o. of uterine tubes
o. vagi´nae [NA] vaginal orifice
o. ve´nae ca´vae inferio´ris [NA] opening of inferior vena cava
o. ve´nae ca´vae superio´ris [NA] opening of superior vena cava
os´tia vena´rum pulmona´lium [NA] openings of pulmonary veins, under opening
o. veno´sum cordis tricuspid orifice
o. of vermiform appendix the opening of the vermiform appendix into the lumen of the cecum.o. appendicis vermiformis [NA];
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Term for one who has an ostomy. [L. ostium, mouth]
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1. An artificial stoma or opening into the urinary or gastrointestinal canal, or the trachea. 2. Any operation by which a permanent opening is created between two hollow organs or between a hollow viscus and the skin externally, as in tracheostomy. [L. ostium, mouth]
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See -stomy.
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1. osteosis (1) 2. osteogenesis
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Denoting the heaping up of scales seen in psoriasis, which resembles the stratification of oyster shells. [Ostraeacea, group including the oysters]
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Poisoning from eating infected or contaminated oysters. [G. ostreon, oyster, + toxikon, poison]
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Friedrich Wilhelm, German physical chemist and Nobel laureate, 1853-1932. See O.'s solubility coefficient.
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Abbreviation for occupational therapist or therapy; Koch's old tuberculin.
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The ear. See also auri-. [G. ous]
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Masao T., Japanese dermatopathologist, 1885-1945. See Ota's nevus.
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earache [ot- + G. algos, pain]
geniculate o. geniculate neuralgia
reflex o. pain referred to the ear from disease in another part, most commonly laryngeal, tonsillar, or nasopharyngeal.
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1. Relating to otalgia, or earache. 2. A remedy for earache.
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Abbreviation for over the counter, pertaining to a drug available without a prescription.
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Pertaining to a person readily influenced by the attitudes of others.
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Relating to the ear. [G. otikos, fr. ous, ear]
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Arthur Brooks, U.S. respiratory physiologist, *1913. See Rahn-O. sample.
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Relating to otitis.
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Inflammation of the ear. [ot- + G. -itis, inflammation]
adhesive o. inflammation of the middle ear caused by prolonged eustachian tube dysfunction resulting in permanent retraction of the eardrum and obliteration of the middle ear space.
aviation o. aerotitis media
o. desquamati´va o. externa with a copious brawny desquamation.
o. exter´na inflammation of the external auditory canal.swimmer's ear;
o. inter´na labyrinthitis
o. me´dia inflammation of the middle ear, or tympanum.
parasitic o. otoacariasis
reflux o. me´dia o. media caused by passage of nasopharyngeal secretions through the eustachian tube.
secretory o. me´dia serous o
serous o. inflammation of middle ear mucosa, often accompanied by accumulation of fluid, secondary to eustachian tube obstruction.secretory o. media;
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The ear. See also auri-. [G. ous]
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An infestation of the auditory canal of cats, dogs, foxes, and other animals by auricular mites, chiefly Otodectes cynotis, which infest the ears and cause considerable discomfort and tenderness; in extreme cases, they cause symptoms such as loss of appetite, wasting, and fits. See also otodectic mange.parasitic otitis;
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Referring to the very faint sounds produced by the ear; thought to represent mechanical vibrations in the cochlea.
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Presence of larvae and the characteristic spiny nymphs of Otobius megnini in the external auditory canal of cattle, horses, cats, dogs, deer, coyotes, and other domestic and wild animals; they may remain in the ear for several months before dropping out to pupate and mature. Several records of human infection are known.
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A genus of argasid ticks similar to Ornithodoros but characterized by a granulated integument, a hypostome that is vestigial in the adult but well developed in the spiny nymphs, and the absence of eyes and hood. Two species are recognized: O. lagophilus (the face tick of rabbits), and O. megnini, the spinose ear tick that causes otobiosis in horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, and some wild animals; it occurs in southwestern parts of the U.S., where it is an important pest, and is also distributed worldwide.
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Malformation characterized by markedly defective development of the lower jaw (micrognathia or agnathia) and the union or close approach of the ears (synotia) on the front of the neck. [oto- + G. kephale, head]
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otoencephalitis
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statoliths
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Relating to the otocranium.osteotympanic;
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The bony case of the internal and middle ear, consisting of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. [oto- + G. kranion, cranium]
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1. Embryonic auditory vesicle. 2. A balancing organ, analogous to the utricle of mammals, possessed by certain invertebrates and containing grains of calcareous material or of sand. [oto- + G. kystis, a bladder]
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A genus of ear mites (family Psoroptidae) consisting of a single species, O. cynotis, the cause of otodectic mange in dogs, cats, and other carnivores; the entire lifespan of this mite is spent in the ears (rarely on the body) of the host, where it feeds on epidermal debris; it can be found in the encrusted material scraped from infected ears. [oto- + dektes, beggar, receiver]
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Of, relating to, or caused by mites of the genus Otodectes.
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earache [oto- + G. odyne, pain]
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Inflammation of the brain by extension of the process from the middle ear and mastoid cells.otocerebritis; [oto- + G. enkephalos, brain, + -itis, inflammation]
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otic ganglion
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Of otic origin; originating within the ear, especially from inflammation of the ear. [oto- + G. -gen, producing]
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A physician who specializes in otolaryngology.
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The combined specialties of diseases of the ear and larynx, often including upper respiratory tract and many diseases of the head and neck, tracheobronchial tree, and esophagus. [oto- + G. larynx, + logos, study]
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statoliths [oto- + G. lithos, stone]
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Relating to otology.
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A specialist in otology.
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The branch of medical science concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the ear and related structures. [oto- + G. logos, study]
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Mucormycosis of the ear.
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See -tomy.
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An infection due to a fungus in the external auditory canal, usually unilateral, with scaling, itching, and pain as the primary symptoms.
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Earache of neuralgic origin, not caused by inflammation. [oto- + G. neuron, nerve, + algos, pain]
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Relating to the ears, palate, and fingers.
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Any disease of the ear. [oto- + G. pathos, suffering]
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Relating to the middle ear and the pharynx.
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Reparative or plastic surgery of the auricle of the ear. [oto- + G. plastos, formed]
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The combined specialties of diseases of the ear, nose, and larynx; including diseases of related structures of the head and neck. See also otolaryngology. [oto- + G. rhis, nose, + larynx, larynx, + logos, study]
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A discharge from the ear. [oto- + G. rhoia, flow]
cerebrospinal fluid o. discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the external auditory meatus or through the eustachian tube into the nasopharynx.
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auditory tube [oto- + G. salpinx, trumpet]
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A new formation of spongy bone about the stapes and fenestra vestibuli (ovalis), resulting in progressively increasing deafness, without signs of disease in the eustachian tube or tympanic membrane. See also Bezold's triad. [oto- + G. sklerosis, hardening]
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An instrument for examining the drum membrane or auscultating the ear. [oto- + G. skopeo, to view]
Siegle's o. an ear speculum with a bulb attachment by which the air pressure can be varied, thus imparting movement to the membrana tympani, if intact, while under inspection.
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Inspection of the ear, especially of the drum membrane. [oto- + G. skopeo, to view]
pneumatic o. inspection of the ear with a device capable of varying air pressure against the eardrum. Imparting movement to the tympanic membrane suggests normal middle ear compliance; the lack of movement indicates either increased impedance or eardrum perforation.
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Relating to the ossicles of the ear. [oto- + G. osteon, bone]
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Having a toxic action upon the ear. [oto- + G. toxikon, poison]
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The property of being ototoxic.
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Adolph W., German surgeon, 1786-1845. See O. pelvis; O.'s disease.
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oil of rose
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David, 20th century Swedish physiologist. See O. potential.
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Abbreviation for Latin oculus uterque, each eye or both eyes.
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The aglycon obtained from the hydrolysis of the cardiac glycoside, ouabain; exerts cardiotonic activity.
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C29H44O128H2O; G-strophanthin; acocantherin;a glycoside and African arrow poison from ouabaio, obtained from the wood of Acocanthera ouabaio or from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus; its action is qualitatively identical to that of strophanthus and the digitalis glycosides; used for rapid digitalization; often used in pharmacological studies due to water solubility.
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Orjan, Swedish bacteriologist, *1914. See O. method, technique, test, technique.
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For words beginning thus, see ulo-.
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A weight containing 480 gr., or 1 / 12 pound troy and apothecaries' weight, or 4371 / 2 gr., 1 / 16 pound avoirdupois. The apothecary oz. (used in the USP) contains 8 dr. and is equivalent to 31.10349 g; the avoirdupois oz. is equivalent to 28.35 g. [L. uncia, the twelfth part (of a pound or foot) hence also inch]
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1. Chemical suffix attached to the name of an element in one of its lower valencies. Cf. -ic (1). 2. Having much of. [L. -osus, full of, abounding]
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An exit or opening of a passageway.
pelvic o. inferior pelvic aperture
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An observation that differs so widely from all others in a set as to justify the conclusion that a gross error has occurred or that it comes from a different population.
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A patient treated in a hospital dispensary or clinic instead of in a room or ward.
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Not in phase, moving in opposite directions at the same time; 180° out of phase; a possible characteristic of two simultaneous oscillations of similar frequency.
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The quantity produced, ejected, or excreted of a specific entity in a specified period of time or per unit time, e.g., urinary sodium o.; the opposite of intake or input.
cardiac o. the amount of blood ejected by the heart in a unit of time (i.e., the minute volume), usually expressed in liters per minute.minute o;
minute o. cardiac o
pacemaker o. electrical energy delivered into a standard load (500 ohms resistance).
stroke o. stroke volume
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Plural of ovum. [L.]
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1. Relating to an ovum. 2. Egg-shaped, resembling in outline the longitudinal section of an egg.
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The chief protein occurring in the white of egg and resembling serum albumin; also found in phosphorylated form.albumen, egg albumin;
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elliptocyte [L. ovalis, oval, + G. kytos, cell]
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elliptocytosis
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Pain in an ovary.oophoralgia; [ovario- + G. algos, pain]
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Relating to the ovary.
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Excision of one or both ovaries.oophorectomy, ovariosteresis; [ovario- + G. ektome, excision]
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Ovary. See also oo-, oophor-. [L. ovarium]
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Hernia of an ovary. [ovario- + G. kele, hernia]
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Puncture of an ovary or an ovarian cyst. [ovario- + G. kentesis, puncture]
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ovarian pregnancy [ovario- + G. kyesis, pregnancy]
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Ovarian pain or neuralgia. [ovario- + G. dys-, bad, + neuron, nerve]
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Originating in the ovary. [ovario- + G. -gen, producing]
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Removal of ovaries and uterus.oophorohysterectomy; [ovario- + G. hystera, uterus, + ektome, excision]
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Destructive to the ovary. [ovario- + G. lysis, dissolution]
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oophoroma [ovario- + G. onkos, tumor]
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Any disease of the ovary.oophoropathy; [ovario- + G. pathos, suffering]
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Rupture of an ovary. [ovario- + G. rhexis, rupture]
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Operative removal of an ovary and the corresponding oviduct.oophorosalpingectomy; [ovario- + salpingectomy]
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Inflammation of ovary and oviduct.oophorosalpingitis; [ovario- + salpingitis]
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ovariectomy [ovario- + G. steresis, deprivation, loss]
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Establishment of a temporary fistula for drainage of a cyst of the ovary.oophorostomy; [ovario- + G. stoma, mouth]
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An incision into an ovary, e.g., a biopsy or a wedge excision.oophorotomy; [ovario- + G. tome, incision]
normal o. historically, removal of an apparently healthy ovary.
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oophoritis
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ovary [Mod. L. fr. ovum, egg]
o. biparti´tum an ovary separated into two distinct parts.
o. disjunc´tum an ovary partially or completely divided into two sections.
o. gyra´tum an ovary showing curved or irregular grooves or furrows.
o. loba´tum an ovary demarcated by deep furrows into two or more lobes.
o. masculi´num testicular appendage
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One of the paired female reproductive glands containing the ova or germ cells; the o.'s stroma is a vascular connective tissue containing numbers of ovarian follicles enclosing the ova; surrounding this stroma is a more condensed layer of stroma called the tunica albuginea.ovarium [NA], female gonad, genital gland (2); [Mod. L. ovarium, fr. ovum, egg]
mulberry o. the type of o. produced by the administration of anterior pituitary extracts to immature rats; such an o. contains many more follicles than normal, with the follicles in various stages of development and with prominent corpora lutea on their surfaces, thus the perceived resemblance to a mulberry.
polycystic o. enlarged cystic o.'s, pearl white in color, with thickened tunica albuginea, characteristic of the Stein-Leventhal syndrome; clinical features are abnormal menses, obesity, and evidence of masculinization, such as hirsutism.
third o. an accessory o.
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vertical overlap
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A decrease in occlusal vertical dimension.
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1. An exaggeration of personal capacity by which one overcomes a real or imagined inferiority. 2. The process in which a psychologic deficiency inspires exaggerated correction. See compensation.
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In behavior modification treatment programs, especially those involving mentally retarded individuals, overlearning the desired target behavior beyond the set criterion to assure that the behavior will continue to meet the established criterion when the post-learning decrements and forgetting occur.
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overlay denture
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In psychoanalysis, ascribing the cause of a single behavioral or emotional reaction, mental symptom, or dream to the operation of two or more forces, that is, it is overdetermined (e.g., ascribing the nature of an emotional outburst not only to the immediate precipitant but also to a lingering inferiority complex).
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That state in which the heterozygote has greater phenotype value and perhaps is more fit than the homozygous state for either of the alleles that it comprises. Cf. balanced polymorphism.
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Denoting heterozygous states that exhibit overdominance.
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An electrophysiologic pacing technique to exceed the rate of an abnormal pacemaker and so capture the territory controlled by that pacemaker (usually atrial).
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Occlusal projection of a tooth beyond the line of occlusion.
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hyperextension
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Placing a second or additional grafts over a previously healed graft from which the epithelium has been removed, as with dermabrasion, to strengthen a split-thickness graft.
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An excess of dental filling material beyond the cavity margin or normal tooth contour.
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epidiascope
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hyperhydration
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horizontal overlap
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1. Suturing of one layer of tissue above or under another to gain strength. 2. An extension or projection of one tissue over another.
horizontal o. the projection of the upper anterior and/or posterior teeth beyond their antagonists in a horizontal direction.overjet, overjut;
vertical o. 1. the extension of the upper teeth over the lower teeth in a vertical direction when the opposing posterior teeth are in contact in centric occlusion; 2. the distance that teeth lap over their antagonists vertically, especially for the distance that the upper incisal edges drop below the lower ones, but may also describe the vertical relations of opposing cusps; 3. the relationship of the maxillary incisors to the mandibular incisors when the incisal edges pass each other in centric occlusion.overbite;
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An addition to an already existing condition.
emotional o. the emotional or psychological concomitant of an organic disability.
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In the psychology of memory, continuation of practice beyond the point where one is able to perform according to the specified criterion; typically, retention is longer after o. as compared with retention after practice only to the point of performance meeting the specified criterion.
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An abnormally strong reaction to a stimulus.
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1. Slippage of the lower fragment of a broken long bone upward and alongside the proximal portion. 2. Obsolete term denoting a fetal head which is palpable above the symphysis because of cephalopelvic disproportion.
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Sensing of electrical or magnetic signals, which normally should not be sensed by a pacemaker, but result in inappropriate inhibition of the pacemaker's output.
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1. Generally, any initial change, in response to a sudden step change in some factor, that is greater than the steady-state response to the new level of that factor; common in systems in which inertia or a time lag in negative feedback outweighs any damping that may be present. Changes in a negative direction are sometimes distinguished by the term undershoot, and the two may alternate in an oscillatory fashion, as in the transient oscillations of a pendulum when released from an initial displacement. 2. Momentary reversal of the membrane potential of a cell (inside becoming positive rather than negative relative to the outside) during an action potential; considered a form of overshoot (1) because, before discovery of overshoot (2) , excitation was thought merely to depolarize the membrane to zero transmembrane potential.
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Charles E., German biologist in Sweden, 1865-1933. See Meyer-O. rule, theory of narcosis.
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Any of the tones, other than the lowest or fundamental tone, of which a sound is composed.
psychic o. the mental associations related to any stimulus.
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hyperventilation
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Persistence of an infectious agent in its vector for extended periods, such as the cooler winter months, during which the vector has no opportunity to be reinfected or to infect another host.
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Egg. See also oo-, ovo-. [L. ovum]
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Causing death of the ovum. [ovi- + L. caedo, to kill]
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oviductal
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uterine tube [ovi- + L. ductus, a leading, fr. duco, pp. ductus, to lead]
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Relating to a uterine tube.oviducal;
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Carrying, containing, or producing ova.ovigerous; [ovi- + L. fero, to carry]
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ovoid (2)
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oogenesis
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oogenetic
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oogenetic
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oviferous
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cumulus oöphorus
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Relating to sheep; sheeplike. [L. ovinus, relating to a sheep]
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sheep-pox [L. ovinus, relating to a sheep]
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The quality of being oviparous. [ovi- + L. pario, to bear]
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Egg-laying; denoting those birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, monotreme mammals, and invertebrates whose young develop in eggs outside of the maternal body. [L. oviparus, fr. ovum, egg, + pario, to bear]
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To lay eggs; applied especially to insects. [ovi- + L. pono, pp. positus, to place]
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Act of laying or depositing eggs by insects.
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A specialized female organ especially well developed in insects for laying or depositing eggs.
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A preformationist who believed that the female sex cell contained a miniature body susceptible to growth when stimulated by semen.
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Egg. See also oo-, ovi-. [L. ovum]
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oocyte [ovo- + G. kytos, a hollow (cell)]
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Riboflavin found in eggs.
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oogenesis
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Globulin in the white of egg.
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Obsolete term for oogonium. [ovo- + G. gone, generation]
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1. An oval or egg-shaped form. 2. Resembling an egg.oviform; [ovo- + G. eidos, resemblance]
fetal o. the form of the fetus in utero; its length is about one-half of the length of the extended fetus.
Manchester o. an egg-shaped radium applicator for placement in the lateral vaginal fornices. [University of Manchester, England]
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Denoting certain nematodes and other invertebrates in which the eggs are hatched within the female, and the larvae developed or protected within the uterus until the correct time for their emergence. [ovo- + L. larva, a mask, + pario, to bear]
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A glycoprotein in the white of egg.
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A mucoprotein obtained from the white of egg.
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Protoplasm of an unfertilized egg.
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lipoic acid
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An oral contraceptive that consists of a mixture of a progestin and an estrogen.
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Gonad in which both testicular and ovarian components are present; a form of hermaphroditism.
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conalbumin
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vitellin [ovo- + L. vitellus, yolk]
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Denoting those fish, amphibians, and reptiles that produce eggs which hatch within the body of the parent. [ovo- + L. viviparus, bringing forth alive, fr. vivus, alive, + pario, to bear]
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Relating to an ovule.
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Release of an ovum from the ovarian follicle.
anestrous o. discharge of ova occurring in animals without estrus.
paracyclic o. o. occurring in the menstrual cycle at any time other than the normally anticipated time; believed to be usually a psychogenic phenomenon.
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Relating to ovulation.
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1. The ovum of a mammal, especially while still in the ovarian follicle. 2. A small beadlike structure bearing a fancied resemblance to an o.ovulum; [Mod. L. ovulum, dim. of L. ovum, egg]
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Denoting any recurrent phenomenon associated with and occurring at a certain time within the ovulatory cycle, as, for example, ovulocyclic porphyria.
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ovule
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The female sex cell. When fertilized by a spermatozoon, an o. is capable of developing into a new individual of the same species; during maturation, the o., like the spermatozoon, undergoes a halving of its chromosomal complement so that, at its union with the male gamete, the species number of chromosomes (46 in humans) is maintained; yolk contained in the ova of different species varies greatly in amount and distribution, which influences the pattern of the cleavage divisions. [L. egg]
alecithal o. an o. in which the yolk is nearly absent, consisting of only a few particles.
blighted o. a fertilized o. whose development has ceased at an early stage.
centrolecithal o. one in which the yolk is mostly located near the center of the egg, as in arthropods.
fertilized o. an o. impregnated by a spermatozoon.
isolecithal o. an o. in which the yolk is evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm.
Peters' o. an o. with a presumptive fertilization age of about 13 days; for many years, it was one of very few young human embryos recovered in good condition and its study furnished many facts regarding early embryonic changes.
telolecithal o. an o. in which there is a large amount of yolk massed at the vegetative pole, as in the eggs of birds and reptiles.
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Sir Richard, English anatomist, 1804-1892. See O.'s lines, under line; contour lines of O., under line; interglobular space of O.
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Paul A., Norwegian hematologist, *1905. See O.'s disease.
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Combining form inserted in names of organic compounds to signify the presence or addition of oxygen atom(s) in a chain or ring (as in ethers), not appended to either (as in ketones and aldehydes). See also hydroxy-, oxo-, oxy-. [English. oxygen]
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5-Methyl-3-phenyl-4-isoxazolylpenicillin sodium;a semisynthetic penicillin used in the oral therapy of penicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections.
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glyoxal
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A salt of oxalic acid.
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The presence of an abnormally large amount of oxalates in the blood. [oxalate + G. haima, blood]
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An acid, HOOC-COOH, found in many plants and vegetables, particularly in buckwheat (family Polygoniaceae) and Oxalis (family Oxalidaceae); used as a hemostatic in veterinary medicine, but toxic when ingested by man; also used in the removal of ink and other stains, and as a general reducing agent; salts of o.a. are found in renal calculi; accumulates in cases of primary hyperoxaluria.
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The monoacyl radical, HOOC-C(O)-.
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citrate synthase
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HOOC-CO-CH2COOH;a ketodicarboxylic acid and important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle; the product formed when l-aspartic acid acts as an amine donor in transamination reactions.ketosuccinic acid, oxosuccinic acid;
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Widespread deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys, bones, arterial media, and myocardium, with increased urinary excretion of oxalate; may be an acquired disorder, as in oxalate poisoning, or represent one aspect of primary hyperoxaluria and o. [oxalate + -osis, condition]
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HOOC-CO-CH(COOH)-CH2-CO OH;the product of the dehydrogenation of isocitric acid under the catalytic influence of isocitrate dehydrogenase; an enzyme-bound intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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isocitrate dehydrogenase
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oxalylurea
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hyperoxaluria [oxalate + G. ouron, urine]
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NH2CONHCOCOOH;the ureide of oxalic acid, derived from uric acid or oxalylurea.
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The diacyl radical, -CO-CO-.
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The cyclic (end-to-end) amide anhydride of oxaluric acid; an oxidation product of uric acid.oxalourea, parabanic acid;
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C14H21N3O3;a tetrahydroquinoline derivative, similar to hycanthone and lucanthone, effective against Schistosoma mansoni; now largely superseded by the broad spectrum anthelmintic drug praziquantel.
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2-Ethyl-3-propylglycidamide;a sedative.
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17beta-Hydroxy-17a-methyl-2-oxa-5a-androstan-3-one (C-2 replaced by O in the androstane nucleus); an androgenic anabolic steroid.
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4´-Hydroxysalicylanilide;a choleretic.
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7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one;a benzodiazepine chemically and pharmacologically related to chlordiazepoxide and diazepam; an antianxiety agent.
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C12H10ON2; Oxyiminodiphenylimine;parent substance of a series of biological dyes, e.g., gallocyanin, brilliant cresyl blue, cresyl violet acetate.
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The fundamental ring system.
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An obsolescent chemical class of antiepileptic drugs useful in the treatment of absence (petit mal) seizures; examples include trimethadione and paramethadione.
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2-Ethyl-2-phenylbutyric acid 2-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)ethyl ester;an antitussive agent.
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Broad spectrum antifungal agent resembling ketoconazole.
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The substance that is reduced and that, therefore, oxidizes the other component of an oxidation-reduction system.
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Classically, one of a group of enzymes, now termed oxidoreductases (EC class 1), that bring about oxidation by the addition of oxygen to a metabolite or by the removal of hydrogen or of one or more electrons. O. is now used for those cases in which O2 acts as an acceptor (of H or of electrons); those removing hydrogen are now termed dehydrogenases. For individual o.'s, see the specific names.
direct o. originally, an o. catalyzing the transfer of O2 directly to other bodies; now termed oxygenase.
indirect o. originally, an o. that acts by reducing a peroxide; now termed peroxidase.
terminal o. the last protein in the electron transport, respiratory chain. In mammals this is cytochrome c oxidase.
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Oxidation by an oxidase.
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1. Combination with oxygen; increasing the valence of an atom or ion by the loss from it of hydrogen or of one or more electrons thus rendering it more electropositive, as when iron is changed from the ferrous (2+) to the ferric (3+) state. 2. In bacteriology, the aerobic dissimilation of substrates with the production of energy and water; in contrast to fermentation, the transfer of electrons in the o. process is accomplished via the respiratory chain, which utilizes oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
alpha-o. , a-oxidation a form of o. of fatty acids in which carbons are removed one at a time in the form of CO2; the a-carbon is first hydroxylated and then converted into a carbonyl; a deficiency of this pathway is associated with Refsum's disease.
beta-o. , beta-oxidation 1. o. of the beta-carbon (carbon 3) of a fatty acid, forming the beta-keto (beta-oxo) acid analog; of importance in fatty acid catabolism; 2. the entire pathway for the catabolism of saturated fatty acids containing an even number of carbon atoms; beta-o. (1) is a part of this pathway; acetyl-CoA is a major product of this pathway.
end o. the last o. step in a catabolic pathway.terminal o;
omega-o. , omega-oxidation o. at the carbon atom farthest removed (omega-carbon) from the carboxyl group (carbon 1); thus, in this pathway, a dicarboxylic acid is formed; an important pathway in the degradation of prostaglandins.
terminal o. end o
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Any chemical oxidation or reduction reaction, which must, in toto, comprise both oxidation and reduction; the basis for calling all oxidative enzymes (formerly oxidases) oxidoreductases. Often shortened to "redox."
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Having the power to oxidize; denoting a process involving oxidation.
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A compound of oxygen with another element or a radical; e.g., mercuric o., HgO.
acid o. an acid anhydride; an o. of an electronegative element or radical; it can combine with water to form an acid.
basic o. a base anhydride; an o. of an electropositive element or radical; it can combine with water to form a base.
indifferent o. neutral o
neutral o. an o. that is neither an acid nor a base; e.g., water (hydrogen oxide, H2O).indifferent o;
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To combine or cause an element or radical to combine with oxygen or to lose electrons.
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An enzyme (EC class 1) catalyzing an oxidation-reduction reaction. Trivial names for o.'s include dehydrogenase, reductase, oxidase (where O2 is the H acceptor), oxygenase (where O2 is incorporated into the substrate), peroxidase (H2O2 is the acceptor; catalase is an exception), hydroxylase (coupled oxidation of two donors). See also oxidase.
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A compound resulting from the action of hydroxylamine, NH2OH, on a ketone or an aldehyde to yield the group =N-OH attached to the former carbonyl carbon atom.
amide o.'s amidoximes
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An instrument for determining photoelectrically the oxygen saturation of a sample of blood.
cuvette o. an o. that reads the percentage of oxygen saturation of the blood as it passes through a cuvette outside the body.
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Measurement with an oximeter of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in a sample of blood.
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ethylene oxide
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Prefix denoting addition of oxygen; used in place of keto- in systematic nomenclature. See also hydroxy-, oxa-, oxy-.
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glyoxylic acid
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keto acid
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An enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA and succinate into succinyl-CoA and acetoacetate; malonyl-CoA can substitute for succinyl-CoA and a few other 3-oxo acids for the acetoacetate; an important step in order for the ketone bodies to serve as a fuel for extrahepatic tissues.3-ketoacid-CoA transferase, acetoacetyl-succinic thiophorase;
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A part of the fatty acid synthase complex; an enzyme reversibly reacting 3-oxoacyl-ACP with NADPH to form d-3-hydroxyacyl-ACP and NADP+.beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase;
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An enzyme condensing malonyl-ACP and acyl-cys-protein to 3-oxoacyl-ACP + cys-protein + CO2, and similar reactions, as steps in fatty acid synthesis; cys-protein is also a part of the fatty acid synthase complex.acyl-malonyl-ACP synthase, beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase;
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a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
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a-ketoglutaramic acid
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The deaminated derivative of arginine.
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5-(2-Diethylaminoethyl)-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole;used for treatment of bronchopulmonary infections.
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5-Ethyl-5,8-dihydro-8-oxo-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-g]quinoline-7-carboxylic acid;a quinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
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3-Amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsineoxide hydrochloride;an antisyphilitic and antitrypanosomal agent.
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An enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent hydrolysis of l-5-oxoproline (ATP + l-5-oxoproline -> ADP + Pi + l-glutamate) a deficiency of this enzyme will result in 5-oxoprolinuria.
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A keto derivative of proline that is formed nonenzymatically from glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-glutamylated peptides; it is also produced by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase; elevated levels of 5-o. are often associated with problems of glutamine or glutathione metabolism.5-pyrrolidone-2-carboxylic acid, pyroglutamic acid, pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate;
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4-hydroxyproline oxidase
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Elevated levels of 5-oxoproline in the urine.
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17-ketosteroids
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oxaloacetic acid
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An active metabolite of tremorine. Used as a pharmacological tool for producing a parkinson-like tremor.
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1-[o-(Allyloxy)phenoxy]-3-(isopropylamino)-2-propanol hydrochloride;a beta-receptor blocking agent with coronary vasodilator activity.
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Abbreviation for oxytocin.
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A true salt of theophylline; it has mild diuretic, myocardial stimulating vasodilator, and bronchodilator actions, with the same uses as theophylline, but is better absorbed and less irritating.choline theophyllinate;
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1. Combining form denoting shrill; sharp, pointed; quick (incorrectly used for ocy-, from G. okys, swift). 2. In chemistry, combining form denoting the presence of oxygen, either added or substituted, in a substance. See also hydroxy-, oxa-, oxo-. [G. oxys, keen]
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Increased sensitiveness to noises, occurring in facial paralysis, especially when the stapedius muscle is paralyzed. [G. oxys, acute, + akoe, hearing]
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hyperaphia [G. oxys, acute, + haphe, touch]
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Hypnotics of the barbiturate group in which the atom attached at the carbon-2 position is oxygen; virtually all hypnotic barbituates are o.'s.
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2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone;an ultraviolet screen for use in skin ointments and lotions.
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An analogue and antimetabolite of biotin, in which the sulfur atom is replaced by oxygen.
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a-Phenylcyclohexaneglycolic acid 4-(diethylamino)-2-butynyl ester hydrochloride;an intestinal antispasmodic.
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A calorimeter measuring energy content of substances in terms of oxygen consumed.
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Cellulose that has been oxidized by NO2 or other oxidizing agents to the point where all or most of the glucose residues have been converted to glucuronic acid residues; used as an adsorbent in chromatography or other adsorption processes. See also oxidized cellulose.
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oxycephaly
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Relating to or characterized by oxycephaly.acrocephalic, acrocephalous;
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A type of craniosynostosis in which there is premature closure of the lambdoid and coronal sutures, resulting in an abnormally high, peaked, or conically shaped skull.acrocephalia, acrocephaly, hypsicephaly, hypsocephaly, oxycephalia, steeple skull, tower skull, turricephaly; [G. oxys, pointed, + kephale, head]
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A compound of oxygen with a metallic chloride; e.g., a chlorate or perchlorate.
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acidophilic [G. oxys, sour, acid, + chroma, color]
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Chromatin that stains with acid dyes, as in interphase nuclei.oxyphil chromatin;
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14-Hydroxydihydrocodeinone;a narcotic analgesic.
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Corticosteroids bearing an alcohol or ketonic group on carbon-11; e.g., cortisone, cortisol.
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hyperesthesia [G. oxys, acute, + aisthesis, sensation]
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1. A gaseous element, atomic no. 8, atomic wt. 15.9994 on basis of 12C = 12.0000; an abundant and widely distributed chemical element, which combines with most of the other elements to form oxides and is essential to animal and plant life. 2. The molecular form of o., O2. 3. A medicinal gas that contains not less than 99.0%, by volume, of O2. [G. oxys, sharp, acid and genes, forming]
heavy o. oxygen-18
hyperbaric o. , high pressure o. o. at a pressure greater than 1 atmosphere. See also hyperbaric oxygenation.
singlet o. an excited or higher energy form of o. characterized by the spin of a pair of electrons in opposite directions, whereas electron spin is unidirectional in normal molecular o. Because of its great reactivity, singlet o. is a probable intermediate in most photo-oxidation reactions. Although it exists for no more than 0.1 sec, it may react with atmospheric pollutants to foster smog formation and may have harmful biological effects.
triplet o. the normal unexcited state of O2 in the atmosphere, in which the unpaired pair of electrons are so displaced that their magnetic fields are oriented in the same direction, resulting in paramagnetism; each of the heat-generated spectral lines of such o. can be split by a magnetic field into a triplet. Cf. singlet o.
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A cyclotron-produced, positron-emitting radioisotope of oxygen with a half-life of 122.2 seconds; used in studies of respiratory function and in positron emission tomography.
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The common oxygen isotope, making up 99.76% of natural oxygen.
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The rarest of the stable oxygen isotopes, making up 0.04% of natural oxygen.
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A stable oxygen isotope making up 0.20% of natural oxygen; used in mass spectrometry and in NMR studies of tissue.heavy oxygen;
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One of a group of enzymes (EC subclass 1.13) catalyzing direct incorporation of O2 into substrates; e.g., tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (tryptophan pyrrolase) catalyzing reaction between O2 and l-tryptophan to form N-l-formylkynurenine. Cf. dioxygenase, monooxygenases.
mixed function o. any monooxygenase that catalyzes AH + O2 + DH2 -> AOH + H2O + D.
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To accomplish oxygenation.
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Addition of oxygen to any chemical or physical system.
apneic o. diffusion respiration
hyperbaric o. an increased amount of oxygen in organs and tissues resulting from the administration of oxygen in a compression chamber at an ambient pressure greater than 1 atmosphere.
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Pertaining to or containing oxygen.
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To oxidize with oxygen.
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hypergeusia [G. oxys, acute, + geusis, taste]
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hematin
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hematin
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Hemoglobin in combination with oxygen, the form of hemoglobin present in arterial blood, scarlet or bright red when dissolved in water.oxygenated hemoglobin;
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A compound of oxygen with a metallic iodide, e.g., an iodate or periodate.
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secretin
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The activated derivative of luciferin formed in bioluminescence.
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4,17beta-Dihydroxy-17-methylandrost-4-en-3-one;an anabolic steroid.
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6-Tert-butyl-3-(2-imidazolin-2-ylmethyl)-2,4-dimentylphenol hydrochloride;a vasoconstrictor used topically to reduce swelling and congestion of the nasal mucosa.
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17beta-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethylene)-17-methyl-5a-androstan-3-one;an androgenic anabolic steroid.
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14-Hydroxydihydromorphinone hydrochloride;a semisynthetic narcotic analgesic closely related chemically to hydromorphone hydrochloride; its actions are similar to those of morphine, but more potent.
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Myoglobin in its oxygenated form, analogous in structure to oxyhemoglobin.
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hydroxynervone
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betaine
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Acid-forming, e.g., the parietal cells of the gastric glands. [G. oxyno, to sharpen, make sour, acid]
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hyperosmia [G. oxys, acute + osme, sense of smell]
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hyperosmia [G. oxys, acute, + osphresis, smell]
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5,6-Dimethoxy-2-methyl-3-[2-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)ethyl]indole;an antianxiety agent; also available as the hydrochloride.
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1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-4-butyl-3,5-pyrazolidine-dione monohydrate;an orally effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used (usually in short courses) for rheumatoid arthritis and gout.
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The hydrochloride of 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylpyrimidin-2-ylmethyl-a-cyclohexyl-a-hydroxy-a-phenylacetate; an anticholinergic agent.
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endophenolphthalein; diacetyldiphenolisatin; 3,3-bis(p-acetoxyphenyl)oxindole;a cathartic with pharmacologic properties resembling those of phenolphthalein, except that it is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
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Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium bromide a-phenyl-a-cyclohexylglycolate;a quaternary ammonium compound with anticholinergic action.
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1. Oxyphil cell. 2. eosinophilic leukocyte 3. oxyphilic [G. oxys, sour, acid, + philos, fond]
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Having an affinity for acid dyes; denoting certain cell or tissue elements.oxyphil (3), oxyphile;
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Shrillness or high pitch of the voice. [G. oxys, sharp, + phone, voice]
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A modified gelatin used as a plasma extender in transfusions.
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A purine containing oxygen; e.g., hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid.
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Alloxanthine and inhibitor of xanthine oxidase; an active metabolite of allopurinol. The drug inhibits the formation of uric acid and is used in the treatment of gout.
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Having a sharp-pointed nose. [G. oxys, sharp, + rhis (rhin-), nose]
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Obsolete term for eructation of acid fluid. [G. oxys, acid, + erygmos, eructation]
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A widely distributed spiruroid nematode parasite found under the nictitating membrane in the eye of turkeys, chickens, peafowl, quail, and grouse; larvae develop to the infective stage in cockroaches.Manson's eye worm;
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A type of connective tissue fiber histochemically distinct from collagen or elastic fibers described in the periodontal ligament and gingivae. [G. oxys, acid, + talas, suffering, resisting; coined term probably intended to mean "resistant to acid hydrolysis"]
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An antibiotic produced by the actinomycete, Streptomyces rimosus, present in the soil; its actions and uses are similar to those of tetracycline; available as the dihydrate, hydrochloride, and calcium.
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A molecule similar to that of thiamin but with a hydroxyl group replacing the amino group on the pyrimidine ring; a thiamin antagonist capable of inducing symptoms of thiamin deficiency on administration; increases thiamin excretion.
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Rapid parturition. [G. okytokos, swift birth]
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1. Hastening childbirth. 2. parturifacient (2)
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A nonapeptide neurohypophysial hormone, differing from human vasopressin in having leucine at position 8 and isoleucine at position 3, that causes myometrial contractions at term and promotes milk release during lactation; used for the induction or stimulation of labor, in the management of postpartum hemorrhage and atony, and to relieve painful breast engorgement.ocytocin; [G. okytokos, swift birth]
arginine o. o. with arginine at position 8 (identical with arginine vasotocin). See also arginine vasopressin.
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Infection with nematode parasites of the genus Oxyuris.
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An agent that destroys pinworms. [oxyurid + L. caedo, to kill]
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Common name for members of the family Oxyuridae. [see Oxyuris]
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A family of parasitic nematodes (superfamily Oxyuroidea) found in the large intestine or cecum of vertebrates and the intestine of invertebrates, especially insects and millipedes; it includes the genera Aspiculurus, Enterobius, Oxyuris, Passalurus, Syphacia, and Thelandros.
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A genus of nematodes commonly called seatworms or pinworms (although the pinworm of humans is the closely related form, Enterobius vermicularis). O. equi, the horse pinworm, is a common parasite of horses in all parts of the world, inhabiting the large intestine. [G. oxys, sharp, + oura, tail]
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Suffix denoting an acyl radical; -yl replaces -ic in acid names.
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Abbreviation for ounce.
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A disease characterized by intranasal crusting, atrophy, and fetid odor. [G. ozaina, a fetid polypus, fr. ozo, to smell]
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Relating to ozena.
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ozokerite
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bromidrosis [G. ozo, to smell, + chroa, skin]
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A mixture of paraffinic and cycloparaffinic hydrocarbons occurring in nature; it has a higher melting point than synthetic paraffin, and is used as a substitute for beeswax.ozocerite;
purified o. ceresin
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An apparatus for generating ozone and diffusing it in the atmosphere of a room.
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O3;a powerful oxidizing agent; air containing a perceptible amount of O3 formed by an electric discharge or by the slow combustion of phosphorus, and has an odor suggestive of Cl2 or SO2; also formed by the action of solar UV radiation on atmospheric O2. [G. ozo, to smell]
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The unstable intermediate formed by the reaction of ozone with an unsaturated organic compound, especially with unsaturated fatty acids.
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The splitting of a double bond in a hydrocarbon chain upon treatment with ozone, with the formation of two aldehydes (an ozonide is the unstable intermediate); has been used to determine the structure of unsaturated fatty acids. [ozone + G. lysis, dissolution]
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A modified form of ozonoscope, in which by a series of test papers the amount of ozone in the atmosphere may be estimated.
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Filter paper saturated with starch and potassium iodide or with litmus and potassium iodide; turns blue in the presence of ozone.
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halitosis [G. ozo, to smell, + stoma, mouth]
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